How to calculate preferential pension and length of service in 2021?

What is a disability pension?

The harmfulness pension is intended for citizens who work in enterprises with hazardous working conditions. They put their own lives and health at risk every day, so they are entitled to preferential payments for a certain amount of money.

What is usually meant by hazardous working conditions? If we rely on legislative norms, then these are factors that accompany a person’s professional activity and negatively affect his body.

Harmful working conditions cause various chronic diseases, and in some cases lead to death. Citizens working in such conditions have the right to retire before the due date.

Pension reform from January 1, 2021

The Government of the Russian Federation has decided to change the pension system, which involves increasing the retirement age from 2021. The message caused heated discussion and concern, especially among people planning to retire in the near future. On August 29, 2018, the President of Russia addressed the citizens of the country with initiatives to adjust the pension reform project.

For civil servants, the annual increase in the retirement age by six months began in January 2021. The changes will affect other categories of citizens after the law is adopted by the State Duma in the fall of 2021. They plan taking into account the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation:

• accept the retirement age for men as 65 years, for women as 60;
• provide the right to preferential pension provision to mothers with many children who have 3 or 4 children.

The draft law provides for a gradual increase in the retirement age from 2021 to 2027. The changes will not affect persons who:

• have harmful occupations;
• exposed to radiation;
• previously worked in flight test services;
• receive disability pension payments ahead of schedule.

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Who is entitled to such a preferential pension?

There is a list of categories of citizens who have the right to claim a disability pension. It was formed back in the Soviet Union and still remains unchanged.

Main professions with hazardous working conditions:

1. To the pilots. In this case, gender does not matter; if a citizen has nothing to do with military aviation, then he can retire at 50 years old.
2. Doctors and teachers. If a citizen works in a village, then his work experience before retirement should be 20 years. As for the city, the figure will increase to 30 years.
3. Workers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and State Fire Service. A man can retire at 55 (25 years of work experience), a woman at 50 (20 years of work experience).
4. Textile industry workers. In this case, we are talking about women who must work for 20 years before retiring. In this case, age does not matter.
5. Miners. If we talk about men, they have the right to retire when they reach 50 years of age. However, in this case, it is necessary to have a total experience of 20 years, and they must work at the mine for at least 10 years. Women are entitled to a pension at the age of 45, but they will need to have 15 years of experience, and they must work in the mine for 7.5 years.

All professions according to the type of danger are divided into 2 lists. More dangerous professions belong to the first, and less dangerous ones to the second. The conditions for receiving concessions depend on this.

Professions according to their harmfulness are divided into two main lists to formulate different conditions for the provision of pensions.

The first list includes persons working in the following types of production:

• metal processing;
• mining;
• processing of coal, shale, gas, oil;
• chemical production.

Each type of production has its own list of professions that qualify for the provision of a pension. To exercise the right, you must have a corresponding entry about the position in your work book.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 400, time worked in such types of production starting from 2013 will be counted as preferential length of service if the employer makes additional transfers to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. The rule applies to both the first and second lists.

If a person worked in hazardous production before January 1, 1992, then Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers No. 1173 will be applied to determine the possibility of receiving benefits. For all persons who were involved in hazardous industries after 01/01/1992, the provisions of RF PP No. 10 are used. The rule applies to both the first and second lists.

The second list includes the following activities:

• energy trains;
• production of building materials;
• steam power plant;
• food industry;
• light industry;
• power plants.

Reference! Lists of hazardous types of work were approved even before the creation of the Russian Federation. Since the time of the USSR, the lists have not undergone changes, but the methods of incentives and options for receiving benefits have been modernized.

Conditions of appointment

The following conditions apply for determining the disability pension:

A year of work in a profession that is on the first list will be counted as 2 years of experience. And two years for women and two and a half years for men of work in a profession that is on the second list will be counted as 3 years of experience.

general information

Citizens who are entitled to a preferential pension due to harmfulness must work for at least 10 years (for men) and 5.5 years (for women) in dangerous and harmful conditions. If the length of service is insufficient, early retirement is not possible. In addition, there is an approved list of professions that are classified as harmful and dangerous.

Especially harmful professions

In 2014, Resolution No. 665 was adopted, which approves a list of professions in which employment is classified as harmful, difficult and dangerous work. All of them are divided into large categories:

• mining;
• agglomeration and enrichment;
• metallurgical production;
• coke, coke-pitch, thermo-anthracite and coke-chemical production;
• gas and gas generating plants, stations and gas production workshops;
• production of dinas products;
• production of silver nitrate, refining and production of chemically pure precious metals and their processing;
• pipe-pressing, pressing, drawing shops and departments;
• chemical production.

The full list with detailed explanations can be read in the resolution. Citizens who have been employed for more than eight years in one of the areas can count on preferential and early retirement.

Important! If a citizen was employed in one of the areas from list No. 1 of the Resolution, then the total length of service is not taken into account when assigning an early and preferential pension. Working conditions are considered particularly dangerous and harmful to health, so 10 years of work is sufficient. Download for viewing and printing:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 16, 2014 N 665 “On lists of jobs, industries, professions, positions, specialties and institutions (organizations)”

Other professions

In addition to list No. 1, the Resolution also provides for list No. 2, which contains professions related to difficult working conditions.
At the same time, the legislation allows the summation of the period of work in a profession from the first list with the period of work in a profession from the second list. In fact, a person could be employed for three years as an X-ray technician (List No. 1), and then for seven years as a junior nurse caring for patients in the X-ray department (List No. 2). In fact, in difficult conditions, the citizen worked for ten years, which is enough to retire early and receive a preferential pension for disability.

Important! In addition to the “dangerous” experience, an additional general work experience is required. That is why the right to retire early may be denied, even if a sufficient number of years have been worked under difficult conditions.

Amount of payments according to list 1 and 2

Persons who belong to the first and second lists can work in the same production. An example would be mining quarries, when workers underground belong to the 1st list, and on the surface – to the second.

The size of payments depends on the applied coefficient. The additional tariff will also affect the size of the pension. A special assessment of working conditions allows you to obtain an additive.

List of hazardous professions that give the right to early retirement

The list of professions that guarantee the right to early retirement due to harmfulness is determined at the legislative level. The employee must find out the degree of danger of the job, the list number and the number of years of experience upon concluding an employment contract. Working in a hazardous enterprise involves an increased risk of injury, exposure to hazardous components and negative external factors. As a result of long-term work from the second list of hazards, it is possible to develop chronic diseases, as well as partial or even complete loss of ability to work.

ATTENTION! Professions from the first list are considered especially harmful.

The full list of specialties included in the first or second hazard category includes the following industries:

work underground and in the mountains, mining;

activities related to non-ferrous or ferrous metals, metallurgy;

manufacture of explosives and ammunition;

work related to chemical reagents;

processing of coal and petroleum products;

development and assembly of radio and electrical equipment;

activities in the field of nuclear energy.

In organizations operating in such industries, positions are classified as hazardous. The Labor Protection Commission decides on benefits for employees. This can be not only early retirement, but also financial support from the state.

List #1 harmful professions

For representatives of such professions, early retirement is associated with harmful conditions that pose a threat to health. The first list is constantly updated based on the results of audit commissions of conditions and operating factors at the enterprise.

The basis of this list:

• work underground and in the mountains, ore mining;
• oil refining;
• chemical industry;
• service in the sea or river fleet;
• work at nuclear power plants;
• construction.

Among these areas, the commission identifies positions that pose a threat to the health of employees. There is no fixed list of them.

List #2 harmful professions

The second list of dangerous professions includes professions that are not associated with dangerous working conditions that involve a serious risk to life. This includes:

• metal processing;
• mining operations carried out on the surface;
• food industry;
• work on railway transport.

Small lists

The “small lists” include professions that do not belong to either of the two previous lists, but are preferential. They are indicated in Part 1 of Art. 30 No. 400-FZ. Such lists mainly include health workers, public transport drivers, teachers, and so on. Individual conditions for early retirement are established for each category.

A complete list of professions whose representatives can count on early retirement due to harmfulness is presented in Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of January 26, 1991 No. 10.

How is the disability pension calculated?

The size of the preferential pension will be influenced by two indicators:

1. Fixed part of the pension (RUB 5,334.19).
2. The amount of pension capital, which is affected by the points accumulated by the citizen.

As an illustrative example, consider the following situation: Vladimir applies for a disability pension. During the period of his work activity, he accumulated 200 points.

Important! To calculate the amount of his pension, you must use the following formula: pension points x 87.24 + fixed part of the pension. Thus: 200 × 87.24 + 5,334.19 = 22,782 rubles. This is exactly the amount Vladimir will receive every month.

Pension calculation

The disability pension is included in both general and special service. Both working days and sick leave, as well as vacation periods are taken into account. Absenteeism, off-the-job training, and downtime are not included in the length of service. The formula used for calculating the insurance part of the pension is enshrined in Law No. 400-FZ. It looks like this: RP = IPC * RPB1, where

• RP is the amount of benefit;
• IPC – number of pension points;
• RPB1 – the size of the 1st pension point (in 2021 it is equal to 81.49 rubles)

The IPK was installed in 2015. Every year the required number for retirement increases until it reaches 30. This will happen in 2025. This year this figure is 13.8.

There is also a fixed payment, which in 2021 is equal to 4,982.9 rubles. It is summed with the number obtained by applying the above formula.

If a citizen worked in the Far North and lives there on a permanent basis, then the increase in pension is carried out due to the increased regional coefficient.

You can find out the approximate size of your pension by using the online calculator, which is available on the official website of the Pension Fund of Russia, as well as on other thematic websites. To do this, you need to enter various information, including the number of points you have. You can find out how many points a citizen has accumulated by registering on the Pension Fund website. To do this, you need to go to your personal account and find the necessary information.

Requirements for applicants

To receive a preferential pension, a citizen must accumulate a minimum work experience. In addition, you must meet the following requirements:

1. Accumulate a sufficient number of pension points.
2. Reach the age at which an employee who puts his life and health at risk can retire early.
3. Achieve the minimum “preferential” length of service.

Failure to fulfill one of the conditions will be the reason why a person will be denied a disability pension.

Hazardous factors in the enterprise: types and impact on humans

Harmful factors in an enterprise are conditions that pose a risk to the life or health of an employee. Early retirement due to harmfulness is due to the excessive influence of HF on the employee’s body during the accumulation of work experience.

Based on the type of impact, there are four categories of factors:

• chemical - cause harm to humans through the respiratory tract or when interacting with the skin. Most often present as vapors in the air and liquids synthesized in the workplace;
• physical - vibration, noise, influence of electromagnetic fields or radiation. These factors are typical for any type of hazardous profession and have a cumulative detrimental effect on a person;
• biological - caused by contact with poisons of biological origin, harmful plants, sick animals. These factors are least pronounced among the professions on the second list. Most often found among doctors, veterinarians or members of research expeditions;
• psychological - are the result of overwork, emergency situations, stress and prolonged physical activity. Experts note disastrous changes in the psyche of employees who are forced to spend their working hours underground or are regularly in confined spaces.

The list of 2 harmful professions with psychological stress includes accountants, waiters, drivers and medical workers. The listed professions do not involve risk to life, but require constant concentration in conditions of poor lighting, noise and stress. The employee checks information about the presence of harmful factors at work with the employer before taking up the position. This way you can avoid the harmful effects of working conditions on your health.

How to apply for a pension for harm

To apply for a pension for harm, you need to collect the necessary documents and send them to the Pension Fund in any of the available ways.

If a pensioner is dissatisfied with the decisions made regarding the size of the pension, insurance points and recorded length of service, then he can file a claim with the court to review the case.

List of documents

To receive a pension for harmful activities, you will need to collect the necessary package of papers. It includes the following documents for registration:

• military personnel need a military ID;
• the applicant’s passport (copies of pages containing any information);
• income certificate;
• work book, which must indicate that the citizen works in dangerous conditions.

If the transferred work book does not indicate the full period of work in hazardous production, then the citizen can send a request to the place of work to obtain certificates from the archives about the fact of acceptance and dismissal. Employers are required to retain such documentation for the entire duration of the enterprise.

Since 2003, the entire length of service began to be taken into account by the pension fund. If any information is missing, then you must contact the Pension Fund with documentary evidence of actual work experience.

The received data is verified within 3 months. The result is a notification of acceptance of information or refusal to take into account the length of service.

Registration procedure

When the above list of documents has been collected, you must contact the Pension Fund. You can transfer papers in several ways:

1. Send by mail (only with a list of attachments). If you do not make an inventory, the documentation will not be allowed for consideration.
2. Complete the registration procedure on the Pension Fund website. The citizen will need to make scans of all documents and upload them to his profile.
3. Visit the Multifunctional Center. You need to take a coupon and give the documents to a specialist.
4. Contact the Pension Fund office in person. This method is considered the best, since the institution’s employees will immediately tell the citizen what documents he needs to convey.

Reference! If it turns out that the applicant has not attached any documents, then he has three days to submit the missing papers. Pension Fund employees are given 10 days to consider the submitted application.

How is preferential service calculated?

Hazardous experience is defined as the time spent working in a position in difficult or hazardous production. The name of the profession must be on the list discussed earlier.

In order to calculate the period of employment without errors, it is necessary to take into account certain features. Let's list the conditions.

The position/profession is important, as it is written in the documents. These are entries in the work book, orders for employment or transfer to another position. They literally must correspond to the list from the order. Provided that the position does not match and is not included in the list, problems will arise in registering seniority based on harmfulness.

Important! There is a possibility that the employee will lose his right to early retirement.

It is important that the job title matches list No. 2 of hazardous professions