Why raise the pension length from 15 to 30 years? | Opinions

In Russia, pension legislation has been changed several times.
For the first time, a real “coup” was staged in it on January 1, 1992. Subsequently, pension reforms were carried out twice more – on January 1, 2002 and January 1, 2015.

Each time the changes were fundamental: they changed the “pension formula” and the procedure for calculating length of service.

The influence of length of service on the amount of pension

Retirement is an exciting time for Russians. If they have had a busy working life, there is no guarantee that monthly payments from the government will be high. The fact is that different periods of a working person’s biography influence them.

According to the new reform, points are also assessed and awarded for length of service. Only by the end of 2021 will the results of all innovations be summed up. The authorities plan to expand savings opportunities, create a payment guarantee system, increase the retirement age and change accrual requirements for civil servants.

What determines the calculation of a pension and its size?

The legislation of the Russian Federation, in addition to old-age pensions, provides for payments for the loss of a breadwinner and for disability. An old-age pension is granted upon reaching a certain age. Men can apply for security upon reaching 65 years of age, women - upon reaching 60 years of age . The legislation provides for earlier retirement for people with a certain social status, employed in hazardous and heavy industries, etc.

Age only gives the right, but does not guarantee the appointment of decent security. To receive a retirement pension, you must have a minimum insurance period. In 2021, the minimum insurance period for those entering retirement is 10 years. For those who reach retirement age in 2024, there will be a different requirement - a minimum of 15 years of service.

You need to understand that the insurance period means the period of official employment when the company pays insurance contributions for its employees. The length of service that gives the right to receive financial support includes non-working periods (for example, the period of caring for a young child up to 1.5 years old, etc.).

The size of the pension is determined by the number of points accrued (individual pension coefficient), as well as their value at the time of applying for security. The IPC is calculated using a complex formula based on the amount of wages. The higher its level, the higher the individual coefficient. Those applying for coverage in 2019 must have at least 16.2 points; those retiring in 2025 will have to accumulate 30 points.

The maximum IPC is also limited - in 2021, the maximum you can “earn” is 9.13 points; from 2021, the maximum coefficient will be 10 units .

Directly affects the amount of security and the cost of the coefficient. The price of 1 point in 2021 is 87.24 kopecks, and it is indexed (increased) every year.

How many years must a person work before he can retire?

On January 1, 2015, a new “pension formula” was introduced. Along with its adoption, the role of insurance experience became paramount. To become a pensioner and receive payments from the state, in 2021 the minimum insurance period must be 7 years.

Over time, it will be increased to fifteen years. This will happen in 2024. If this condition is not met, the person will receive a social pension. Its size is fixed, but 60-year-old women and 65-year-old men can count on receiving it.

Important! The state encourages working pensioners. For each working year after reaching retirement age, they are awarded additional points, increasing the amount of pension payments.

If a person works for another 5 years after reaching retirement age, the fixed payment will increase by thirty-six percent, and the number of points will be 45.

How much will the pension be if there is no work experience?

We will not consider voluntary insurance in detail. It all depends on the size of the contributions and the period of their payment.

Let us dwell in detail on social benefits. From Article 11 of Federal Law No. 166-FZ it follows that he will be appointed much later than retirement age. In 2021, women can apply for it from 66 years of age and from 71 years of age for men.

IMPORTANT!

However, if after reaching this age a person decides to work, payments will be suspended.

So, if there is no work experience, what will the pension be? Its size is fixed in Article 18 of the mentioned law. It amounts to 5034 rubles 25 kopecks. But here you need to take into account the following nuances:

The payment is indexed annually. In 2021 - by 2.4%, which means its size will increase to 5307 rubles 57 kopecks.
The benefit cannot be below the subsistence level. A social supplement will help achieve this. In accordance with Federal Law No. 459-FZ of November 29, 2018, the national average for a pensioner in 2021 is 8,846 rubles.
The amount of surcharge is calculated for each region individually.

So the answer to the question of whether there will be a pension if there is no work experience will in any case be positive.

When should you stop working and retire?

The Russian Federation is one of the few countries where the retirement age is different for men and women.

Well-deserved rest for men begins at sixty, and for women at fifty-five years (Law No. 166-FZ of December 15, 2001 - “On State Pension Security” and Law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013 - a “ About insurance pensions").

By the way, this parameter is the only one that has not been changed even once since the times of the USSR, or rather since 1932. They are soon going to revise the Legislation in this matter. The reason is depressing statistics.

Women live longer than men - 76 versus 66 years. But even after reaching a certain age, you may not receive decent payments from the state. Why? There is no certain experience, there is no required number of points.

So far, nothing is known about increasing the retirement age. In April 2021, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation raised this issue, but no final decision was made on it. If the initiative finds support among deputies, men and women will retire at the age of sixty-five.

The legislative framework

According to the law, Russian pensioners may qualify for one of the following types of benefits:

Insurance. In accordance with Federal Law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013, the right to it is given by such conditions as reaching retirement age, working for at least 15 years and an individual pension coefficient of 30 points.
Cumulative. In accordance with Federal Law No. 424-FZ of December 28, 2013, the conditions are the same as in the previous case, plus the presence of appropriate savings. However, it can be assigned if the benefit amount is more than five percent of the insurance amount.
Social (state). Following Federal Law No. 166-FZ of December 15, 2001, it will be received by citizens who do not have the right to the first two types.
Voluntary. Federal Law No. 167-FZ of December 15, 2001 allows citizens, on their own initiative, to provide themselves with financial support during old age by concluding an agreement with a non-state fund.

Thus, retiring without work experience does not mean deprivation of benefits. Those who worked unofficially could make voluntary contributions. And those who have not worked at all can count on social benefits.

Minimum experience

Until 2015, 5 years of experience was considered the minimum. If a person worked officially for the specified time and could confirm this fact, he had the right to count on receiving and receiving benefits. But in 2015, changes were made to the legislation.

Starting from 2021, a person who retires must have 8 years of experience.

Gradually, the number of years required to assign a payment will increase. And in 2024, only those citizens who have officially worked for at least 15 years can count on receiving a labor (insurance) pension.

But if a citizen is entitled to funds and should have been allocated them in 2021, then at the time of registration of documents, the person will be required to have a work experience of 8 years. Because it was in this year that he reached the required age.

The video shows the minimum length of service for an old-age pension:

It is worth noting that not only operating time is taken into account, but also:

Period of stay on maternity leave (up to one and a half years).
The period of care for elderly or incapacitated citizens (disabled people, people over 80 years old).
The period of stay in places of detention (serving a prison sentence).
Time spent in the army.
Job search time, provided that during this period the person was registered with the Employment Center.

When preparing documents, this time will be included in the length of service, but only if it is confirmed.

If a person has been caring for a disabled person or a pensioner for 5 years or more, he needs to contact the Pension Fund to apply for a care payment. Otherwise, it will not be possible to prove such a fact; the specified time will not be counted.

For women

The laws are the same for men and women. Gender does not affect the amount of minimum work experience. Only the retirement age changes. Women may qualify for funds earlier.

You can submit documents:

at 50 years of age (if there is harmful experience);
at 55 years old (if you have officially worked for 8 years).

At the age of 50, only some citizens can count on receiving payments:

Previously or currently living in the Far North.
Teachers with at least 15 years of experience.
Mothers of disabled children.
Women who have worked in a hazardous enterprise for at least 15 years.

These categories of citizens can start processing documents upon reaching the age of 50, with 8 years of work experience.

For men

Men should plan to retire no earlier than 60 years of age. But there are cases when paperwork begins earlier and men can qualify for payments upon reaching the age of 55. Provided that you have 8 years of work experience.

If there is not enough experience, then:

you can “finish” the missing time and then start preparing the documents, contact the Pension Fund branch;
give consent to the registration and assignment of social benefits, if applicable;

Social pension amount

There are only 2 types of benefits that are pension in nature:

Insurance monthly payments.
And social benefits.

Insurance is a labor pension that a person earns throughout his life. Receiving “white” legal wages.

Social benefits include a number of benefits:

for loss of a breadwinner;
on disability.

Social payments are assigned based on existing legislation, taking into account the characteristics of the region of residence.

In the video - social pension:

As for the insurance or labor pension, its average level in Russia is 8,600 rubles. But if a person received a decent salary and has a long work history, then the size of his pension will be higher.

As for social benefits, its size depends on many factors. It is worth noting that a person cannot receive 2 pensions at once. When applying for an insurance pension, if there is a social pension, the citizen will be given the right to choose.

That is, before receiving a labor pension, a citizen received social benefits, then he will have to choose what payment he will receive in the future. In most cases, the choice is made towards a larger cash benefit, which is understandable.

Today, the minimum social pension is small, it is only 3,600 rubles. But not all citizens can count on receiving this type of payment.

Who received an increase and how much for their Soviet experience?

In Russia, three pension systems existed in succession: first, the pension was calculated from the ratio of the average salary to the national average, then by dividing all insurance contributions (pension capital) by the number of months of life expectancy, and then all contributions began to be converted into conditional points. And all these systems needed to be somehow connected with each other.

From 2002 to 2014, the country operated a system with pension capital

. But in order to take into account all rights before 2001, legislators came up with the following mechanism:

the person is calculated a conditional pension as of December 31, 2001;
this pension is multiplied by the number of months of survival for that period (minus the base portion of 450 rubles);
the amount received (estimated pension capital) is added to the remaining insurance contributions.

However, as it turned out, such a system somewhat infringes on the rights of those who had a long career before 2001

– due to low official salaries, such people received too low pensions. And since there was already money in the budget, the authorities decided to take into account the interests of everyone and carried out valorization in 2010.

Valorization is a one-time increase in pension rights. It affected both those who have already retired and those who have yet to retire.

During valorization, the pension rights of Russians were increased:

if a person had service up to 2001 inclusive, his pension (or estimated pension) increases by 10%;
if he has experience before 1991, for each year of such experience the pension increased by 1%.

That is, if a pensioner worked 20 years before the collapse of the USSR, he received the right to a 30% increase - and all this was done automatically.

Now valorization is automatically taken into account for everyone who applies for a pension and has work experience before 2001. But in this situation, the estimated pension is first increased, then it is transferred to the estimated pension capital, and then to pension points. But the main thing is that the interest for Soviet service and service in the 90s is already taken into account in any insurance pension that is paid in Russia.

Initially, the problem was only for those who had retired before and did not confirm their experience of more than 40/45 years.

The fact is that this length of service was the limit for calculating the length of service coefficient, but at the same time valorization proceeded without restrictions. Such pensioners can submit documents confirming their full length of service, and valorization will be accrued without restrictions.

But it’s definitely not worth applying now specifically for additional payments for Soviet experience - simply because for all pensioners these additional payments have long been taken into account in the pensions they receive.

What pension should be if the experience is 15 years

When a pensioner gets a job, the payment of such assistance stops. A citizen must notify specialists from the Pension Fund or social protection of the population about employment. When a social pension may be denied In some cases, a citizen may be denied a social pension. The right to it is lost when:

We recommend reading: What documents does an individual entrepreneur receive upon registration?

In addition, those citizens who receive an old-age pension and do not have work experience can receive auxiliary payments. They help not only pay utility bills, but also help the elderly person have a decent standard of living. Some of these additional payments can be received from the Pension Fund, and the rest from the social security institution. Approximate amounts of a social pension The size of an old-age pension without work experience depends on many factors.

Reform 2015

Taking into account the observed consequences of the previous reform and the developing economic crisis, significant changes were again made to the pension system in 2015:

The government has decided to gradually raise the minimum length of service for calculating an old-age pension from 5 to 15 years by 2025. So in 2021 the required minimum is 10 years.
The pension accumulation system is translated into points, the number of which is affected by both length of service and the amount of income. On the one hand, this minimizes the risks of inflation. During your working life, the money itself is not actually accumulated, but a coefficient is formed on the basis of which the amount of the pension benefit will ultimately be calculated. On the other hand, it turns out that each citizen is no longer assigned a specific amount, and everything depends on the real state of affairs in the country’s economy at the time of retirement.
The minimum length of service required for long service retirement is being increased in some industries.
Changes have been made to the types and timing of other activities taken into account when calculating the insurance period.
The concept of continuous length of service has been abolished, and the total length of service of the employee is taken into account.

Since 2015, not only the number of years devoted to working activity has become mandatory, but also how many insurance contributions are transferred to the pension fund. That is, a situation is possible when there is enough experience, but the required points have not been achieved. For 2021, 13 points are enough, and by 2025 you will need to have at least 30 points. This means that in the near future, working for a low “white” salary will not guarantee the right to insurance benefits, even if you have the minimum length of service to receive a pension.

What pension should be if the experience is 15 years

Natu, the answer to your question is indicated in the first article of the topic. Women retire at age 55, regardless of the length of their insurance coverage. An exception is made for representatives of certain professions, for example, teachers.

Tamara, dismissal of one’s own free will due to the need to care for a child before he reaches the age of 14 was considered a valid reason for dismissal and did not interrupt the length of service (for sick leave), but this period was not included in the length of service for a pension. Currently, continuous service has been replaced by insurance, which also does not include the specified period.

How to confirm Soviet experience?

All work experience after 2002 does not need to be confirmed - since then, a personalized accounting system has been operating in Russia. But there may be problems with confirmation of work experience up to 2001 inclusive.

So, experience is confirmed in different ways:

employment history. If the document is filled out clearly and clearly, the seals are not blurred and do not cover important data, the Pension Fund employee will accept such data without any problems, even without supporting documents. Alas, this rarely happens;
certificates from the place of work or archive. This is the most common method - a certificate of employment can be requested from the relevant employer. If the company has since been liquidated, you need to look for data in the archives. All documents are transferred to archives, so you need to determine which archive contains the necessary documents;
witness statements. If you can’t make out anything in the work book, the company closed and did not transfer the data to the archive, you can turn to former colleagues for help. Testimony from at least 2 witnesses is needed, and they should not have problems confirming the period of work at that place. Testimony can be oral or written, the person must confirm that he saw the applicant at work, and that he worked there;
indirect documents and court. It often happens that no option is suitable - then the only thing left to do is go to court. You can prove your experience in different ways - for example, one woman proved her insurance experience thanks to her party bill. The fact is that the ticket included the amount of contributions that were calculated from salaries - so I managed to defend my rights in court.

Other problems may arise for former or current individual entrepreneurs - data for the 90s could have been lost. If you cannot find receipts for payment of insurance premiums through the bank, then this will be a good option.

Everyone else better take care of their documents in advance

– request certificates from former places of work, go to a “model” of the pension, where they will tell you its approximate amount and tell you what additional documents you need to collect.