Social patronage: essence of concepts, types, technology

One of the most important tasks in modern society is the implementation of social patronage over people and families who, for various reasons, find themselves in difficult situations. The solution to this problem lies with certain government agencies and various public organizations. As a result of the situation in the country and the worsening problem of neglect, the number of families in need of patronage is constantly growing.

Most often, medical and social-pedagogical patronage is provided.

This is a service that is provided to at-risk groups and individual clients. Employees carry out constant supervision, visit the homes of people who are in difficult situations, and provide them with certain types of assistance.

Basic Concepts

Social patronage is understood as a type of technology that makes it possible to find solutions to various critical life situations and involves accompanying children, disabled people, and families faced with similar problems. The technology combines control, diagnostic, adaptation and rehabilitation functions. Patronage is aimed at establishing and maintaining long-term connections with the family, timely search for problem situations, and provision of immediate assistance.

Social and pedagogical patronage is established for families who find themselves:

In crisis situations provoked by the death of a family member, divorce, etc.
In a difficult life situation when problems of a psychological nature arise, chronic diseases are discovered, as a result of loss of work, or when becoming disabled.
In dangerous situations associated with vagrancy, domestic violence, drug addiction, alcoholism.

Established practice shows that specialists provide patronage to dysfunctional families in cases where their members do not fulfill their assigned duties and cannot independently cope with problems and life difficulties.

The concept of social patronage

The social patronage service takes care to assist clients in acquiring new knowledge, skills and abilities, with the help of which they would be able to carry out self-help, regardless of external support, to solve their personal and social difficulties.

It should be assumed that the cause of social maladaptation is often an insufficient level of education and general culture.

An individual social service does not have the ability to help clients solve this problem, but for the social patronage system this is possible; 5) Priority of preventive orientation in the process of social patronage.

The social patronage service is called upon to identify dangerous trends in the social health of the population as early as possible and stop their further development by immediately taking adequate measures.

Social patronage and patronage

It is necessary to strive to eliminate social risk factors, to prevent crisis situations in families and among children; 6) Respect for the autonomy of the family and the individual receiving assistance, her rights to freely choose her own path of development (if her lifestyle does not threaten the life and health of children and their immediate environment).

The assistance of the social patronage service is effective only when it contributes to the maintenance, preservation and positive development of the family as an integral entity.

Measures to remove children or other family members from the family are justified only if all other possibilities have been exhausted; 7) Objective assessment of the needs of the family and the individual and provision of assistance to the extent possible, without striving for unrealistic goals, ideals and artificial models.

Definition of social patronage

In a number of countries, foster families are called foster families (from the English foster home - foster family). In the Russian Federation it is regulated by the Civil Code, Article 41. In the Russian Federation it is regulated by Federal Law No. 48 of April 24, 2008 (Article 14, clause 1). Let's look at each term in more detail. All definitions of the concept of “patronage” The meaning of the word “patronage”:

in legal science: a special type of guardianship and trusteeship;
in medicine: sanitary educational, preventive measures carried out by a medical worker at the patient’s home;
in politics: providing any favorable conditions to a member of a certain political party;
in agriculture: commercial guardianship, sponsorship of livestock animals or perennial fruit-bearing plants.

Legal patronage - guardianship over an adult citizen does not have anything in common with medical care, where a newborn may also need help.

Patronage and patronage: what is the difference? the meaning of the words “patronage” and “patronage”

Measures to remove children or other family members from the family are justified only if all other possibilities have been exhausted; * objective assessment of the needs of the family and the individual and provision of assistance to the extent possible, without striving for unrealistic goals, ideals and artificial models. The social patronage service encourages clients to take a responsible approach to solving their own problems, to accept life in all the ways they need to overcome them with dignity. Service specialists must set realistic demands and tasks for their clients, based on real conditions and the desire to help a family or individual overcome the alienation from the world typical of crises, discover internal resources, become the creator of their own destiny and gain flexibility in relationships with others; * differentiated approach to clients representing different groups of families and children.

Social patronage: concept, principles, functions, types

Attention This situation is dealt with by social patronage, when a foster carer visits the child several times a week, helps raise him and solve important social problems. Such a teacher can be entrusted with up to five students at a time.

How to become a foster carer People who intend to temporarily raise a child from an orphanage must contact social security and register with the guardianship council.

They will inform you about all the necessary documents and certificates needed to obtain patronage. There are also some formal criteria for selecting families for foster care.

The most important criterion is the psychological readiness of the family to accept the pupil.

It is important that there are no functional impairments in the candidate’s family.

The concept and features of child patronage

Important Control goals include assessing the condition of the family and the child, the dynamics of problems in the family (if contact with the family is repeated); analysis of the progress of rehabilitation measures, parents’ implementation of recommendations, etc.

; Adaptation and rehabilitation goals are aimed at providing the family with specific educational, mediation, material, legal and psychological assistance.

Social patronage can be established in relation to a family experiencing: · a crisis situation (death of a loved one, divorce, etc.); · difficult life situation (psychological problems, job loss, chronic illness, disability, etc.

); · socially dangerous situation (alcoholism, drug addiction, domestic violence, vagrancy, etc.). Unfortunately, in current practice, specialists provide patronage to families with a clearly expressed form of disadvantage, i.e.

Social patronage

The social patronage service should identify its potential allies among clients, assess the creative opportunities they have and are not used (or not fully used), put these opportunities into action, rely on the support of relatives, friends, colleagues of familiar clients who can contribute in solving their life problems. At the same time, the social patronage service is making efforts to mobilize the potential of those systems (bodies and institutions) that can and are obliged to help families and children, but for various reasons are not yet doing so; 4) Strengthening clients’ own potential to independently solve their life problems.

Topic: social patronage as the main form of family rehabilitation

These cannot be people who have been deprived of parental rights or have restrictions in them, as well as people who in the past, through their own fault, were deprived of the status of a guardian or adoptive parent.
Foster parents must have permanent registration and housing in normal, not emergency condition.
Potential candidates should also note that the family must have at least one other source of income in addition to the foster care provider's salary.
The foster family must undergo preliminary training to learn their rights and responsibilities.

Social foster care Help from foster parents in raising a child may also be needed in cases where the child still lives with his parents, but for various reasons they cannot cope with his upbringing, or one of them is seriously ill, and the other cannot raise the child properly.

Social patronage of “at-risk” families

If we consider the primary meaning of the term “patronage”, then it contains the concept of dominance of one person over another and presupposes subject-object relations.

A specialist (social worker, social teacher) organizes qualified assistance, but at the same time he leads the client.

The client (family) is temporarily freed from the need to take independent steps and bear responsibility in the situation.

Such development of relationships in the “social worker-family (client)” dyad is possible only in some cases.

Such interaction with the family can be and is advisable only in a situation of acute crisis for the family (client), when it is put in a dependent position.

In the process of rehabilitation, the attention of specialists should be drawn to the process of self-actualization of the family, the search for its internal reserves, and opportunities for returning the family to normal life.

3.2.6. social patronage

Patronage (from French.

patronage - patronage) is a type of social service, mainly at home, for clients at risk, which consists of constant social supervision, regular visits to their homes by social workers, providing them with the necessary economic, material and household assistance, carrying out simple medical procedures, etc.

(Kholostova E.I.)[6, p. 224]. Patronage is an individual activity of a specialist, thanks to which the client over whom patronage is established receives from the service within the framework of patronage specific assistance and support designed to mobilize and increase his adaptive capabilities (Alekseeva L.S.) [1, p. 19]. Patronage (from lat.

The concept of social patronage

The main cognitive skill of a specialist remains the ability to analyze a situation. Acting within the framework of patronage, a social worker performs a wide variety of functions: a friendly and competent interlocutor, an assistant, a mediator, an adviser, and a defender.

He has the ability to stabilize the current situation, control the progress of patronage at all phases, involve family members in solving their problems, consolidate successes, and also make the necessary adjustments to the strategy for further actions.

Thus, social patronage of the family involves multi-method actions of a social work specialist.

Source: https://pbcns.ru/ponyatie-sotsialnyj-patronat/

Which persons can receive patronage?

In addition, social patronage of a family is established if these persons:

Socially unhealthy and may pose a risk to society.
Closed, socially isolated.
They are in a constant state of socio-psychological maladjustment.
They have a weakened connection with society, other family members, or such a connection is completely absent.
They do not have the resources to carry out personal and social growth, or do not have the skills to use these resources. These can be professional, spiritual, material forms.

The need for family patronage should be determined by the organization that monitors it, as well as by the interdepartmental commission, one of whose functions is to monitor this procedure.

Patronage for pregnant women

One of the most common forms of patronage is patronage for pregnant women. Such patronage is practiced not only in Russia, but also in a huge number of countries around the world. Its essence lies in regular visits to a pregnant woman by a doctor, paramedic or nurse. The frequency of visits depends on the situation, ideally there should be only two:

in the near future after the woman registers with a doctor;
in the first days of maternity leave.

After a woman registers with a doctor, a competent hospital employee should visit her within a few days, whose task at this stage is to provide detailed instructions and collect a basic medical history.

The instructions are usually the same, plus or minus, in all situations. The first step is for the nurse or paramedic to ask the woman whether the pregnancy is desired or induced. Next we talk about a healthy lifestyle, which includes giving up bad habits and proper regular nutrition. After this, the health worker talks about courses for young mothers and relevant literature.

At the same time, anamnesis is a more important procedure from a medical point of view. When doing it, you need to ask the pregnant woman quite carefully about her heredity - health problems of her parents, close relatives, and study the family illnesses of both parents.

Next, it is determined whether there are perinatal risk factors. After this, an assessment of the pregnant woman’s living conditions is carried out - general financial condition and living conditions. An equally important factor is the assessment of the general psychological situation in the house, especially if the family consists of two or more people - all this can become a negative factor that needs to be taken into account.

The second visit by a hospital worker occurs after a long period of time - approximately 30-37 weeks after the first. This is done in the first week of maternity leave, after the new mother is discharged from the hospital and she goes home.

The reasons for this visit are quite simple - the health worker must make sure that the mother complies with all the doctor’s instructions, assess her condition after childbirth and independently prepare for the new stage of life. The latter includes quite ordinary things - creating a new first aid kit (taking into account a newborn baby), choosing some wardrobe items, preparing and caring for the mammary glands, home improvement, and so on.

Who provides patronage

The duties are entrusted to a specialist, a representative of the interdepartmental commission, or the visiting nursing service, by whose decision control was established over the family. If there is such a need, they have the right to make adjustments to the plan of their activities and interaction with disadvantaged people.

A family is placed under patronage only if there is a real need and a reasoned decision. Such a decision should be made without haste, because in some cases, consulting services, support, and individual preventive rehabilitation measures are sufficient.

Social assistance to families in crisis situations

Social patronage over families who find themselves in difficult situations for completely different reasons is one of the important issues of modern society. Certain government agencies and public organizations are involved in solving it. Due to the current situation in the country and the increasing problems of family neglect, the number of people who require this service is constantly increasing.

Patronage refers to services provided to individual clients and at-risk groups. Constant supervision is carried out, clients' homes are visited, and a certain type of assistance is provided to them.

Social patronage

Social patronage is a type of technology that allows you to find a solution to a crisis life situation, which involves accompanying families and children facing a similar problem.

It combines diagnostic, control, adaptation and rehabilitation functions.

Its action is aimed at establishing and maintaining long-term connections with the family, timely detection of problem situations and providing immediate assistance.

Social pedagogical patronage is established over a family that finds itself:

in a crisis situation caused by divorce, death of a loved one, etc.;
in a difficult life situation when psychological problems, chronic illness, job loss, disability arise;
in a dangerous situation associated with alcoholism, drug addiction, domestic violence, vagrancy.

As established practice shows, specialists provide patronage to dysfunctional families if their members do not fulfill their responsibilities and do not cope with life’s difficulties and problems on their own. Also, a similar procedure is established if these persons:

are socially unhealthy or there are signs of their risk to society;
socially isolated, withdrawn;
in a state of chronic socio-psychological maladjustment;
with a weakened connection with society and within the family or its complete absence;
are deprived of resources to achieve personal and social growth, or do not know how to use them. These can be their material, spiritual, professional forms.

Whether it is necessary to place a family under patronage is decided by the organization involved in its control, or by an interdepartmental commission whose functions include monitoring this procedure.

The fulfillment of duties is entrusted to a specialist, a representative of the interdepartmental commission, and the visiting nurse service, by whose decision the family was taken under control. They have the right (if necessary) to make adjustments to the points in the plan of their activities with disadvantaged persons.

Arrangement for family patronage is made on the basis of a really necessary and well-founded decision. It should not be taken in a hurry; its members may need consulting services, support or individual rehabilitation and preventive measures.

Guided by the materials of the social educator, the services organize work on the following principles of social patronage:

systematicity (interconnectedness of actions that complement each other);
complexity (the work is not performed individually, but in a comprehensive manner);
optimization;
objectivity;
preventive focus;
propaganda about family unity.

Main types of social patronage

The following types of family social patronage are defined:

medical;
psychological patronage;
pedagogical;
economic;
legal.

Medical and social

This type is established for sick and physically disabled family members, including disabled children who need daily care. Its content is compiled depending on the category of wards.

This could be the delivery of medicine and food, hygiene services and feeding, cleaning the home, night shifts and other functions that are necessary for the normal functioning of a person who is unable to independently meet the necessary needs.

The main task of the worker involved in medical and social patronage (in particular, the district nurse) is to perform these services and establish a trusting relationship with the client and tolerance.

Socio-psychological

Specialists involved in socio-psychological patronage provide social and psychological assistance to people at risk, living in conflict or stressful conditions, with chronic psychological maladjustment and emotional stress, and with problematic parenting.

Their responsibilities include counseling, searching for alternative ways out of conflict situations together with clients, and performing mediation functions between the client and the people around him.

Employees provide assistance in reducing his anxiety and skillfully introduce people close to him into the process of changes provided for in the plan.

Social and pedagogical

Its main task is to provide comprehensive and effective assistance by social service specialists, guided by their own pedagogical capabilities, both for children and for parents who find themselves in a particularly difficult situation.

As part of socio-pedagogical patronage, they increase the competence of parents, form positive motivation to find a way out of a crisis situation, restore relationships between parents and children, and form their social position aimed at normal human development.

Socio-economic

Within its framework, they provide financial assistance with food, coupons, clothing and other forms, and issue benefits. In general, this is a type of social patronage of the family.

Socio-legal

This service provides systematic monitoring of clients in order to detect the threat of violence and its use against children, women, the elderly, and the disabled. Providing assistance to them based on social patronage methods.

Social

Workers within the framework of social family patronage are engaged in:

visits to families, studying and finding out the causes of the current problem;
providing specific (in some cases emergency) assistance that can solve a crisis life situation;
providing preventive measures that satisfy needs, stabilize favorable changes and consolidate successes, reduce or eliminate risk factors through training, mediation, motivation;
uniting the actions of specialists from the relevant service in order to eliminate the problems of families.

Social support and its types

This form of protection is provided to families (if necessary), parents, guardians, guardians and other representatives of minors. Authorized organizations that have the legal right to provide psychological patronage are involved. Family accompaniment can be:

household;
medical;
psychological;
social and pedagogical patronage;
labor;
legal.

In addition to the main types of support, a number of patronage institutions are engaged in providing urgent public services: providing hot meals, necessary clothing and shoes, providing legal services, and assistance in the process of obtaining temporary housing.

Supervisory authority

Since the term “social pedagogical patronage of the family” means serving clients at risk at home, therefore such a procedure is controlled by the structures:

department of social protection of the population;
children's services;
social service centers.

Quality control is formed and implemented in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation dated July 21, 2014 No. 256-FZ “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on the issues of conducting independent quality assessment, provision of services by organizations in the field of culture, social services, health and education".

Source: https://opekarf.ru/opeka-i-popechitelstvo/patronazh/sotsialnyj-patronazh

Varieties

Family social patronage can be of several types:

Legal.
Economic.
Pedagogical.
Psychological.
Medical.

Let's look at them in more detail.

Medical and social patronage can be established in relation to sick or physically disabled family members, including in relation to children with disabilities and in need of daily care. The content of such care is compiled taking into account the category of the person under care. It may include the delivery of food, medicine, feeding, hygiene services, cleaning of living quarters, night duty and other activities that allow a person to ensure a normal existence if he is not able to independently meet the necessary needs.

The main task of the worker providing medical and social patronage is to perform these services, establish a trusting relationship with the ward, and tolerance.

Socio-psychological patronage means that a social worker provides psychological and social assistance to people at risk: those living in stressful or conflict conditions, those in a state of emotional stress, chronic psychological maladaptation, and those who have problems raising children. Their responsibilities include consulting clients, finding alternative ways out of existing conflict situations together with their clients, and acting as an intermediary between a person and the people who surround him. Social workers provide assistance aimed at reducing the anxiety of the ward, skillfully introducing him into the process of changes that are provided for in the work plan.

Social patronage: essence of concepts, types, technology

As a result of the situation in the country and the worsening problem of neglect, the number of families in need of patronage is constantly growing.

Most often, medical and social-pedagogical patronage is provided.

Basic Concepts

The technology combines control, diagnostic, adaptation and rehabilitation functions.

Patronage is aimed at establishing and maintaining long-term connections with the family, timely search for problem situations, and provision of immediate assistance.

Social and pedagogical patronage is established for families who find themselves:

In crisis situations provoked by the death of a family member, divorce, etc.
In a difficult life situation when problems of a psychological nature arise, chronic diseases are discovered, as a result of loss of work, or when becoming disabled.
In dangerous situations associated with vagrancy, domestic violence, drug addiction, alcoholism.

Which persons can receive patronage?

In addition, social patronage of a family is established if these persons:

Socially unhealthy and may pose a risk to society.
Closed, socially isolated.
They are in a constant state of socio-psychological maladjustment.
They have a weakened connection with society, other family members, or such a connection is completely absent.
They do not have the resources to carry out personal and social growth, or do not have the skills to use these resources. These can be professional, spiritual, material forms.

The need for family patronage should be determined by the organization that monitors it, as well as by the interdepartmental commission, one of whose functions is to monitor this procedure.

This may include the periodic provision of material assistance, expressed in the issuance of benefits, coupons, food, clothing, etc. social and legal patronage provided to families with disabled children who are in difficult life situations in order to provide systematic legal assistance to such families. The functions of social patronage for disabled people are very extensive.

Who provides patronage

Basic principles

The basic principles of social patronage, on the basis of which services organize their activities, taking into account materials from the social teacher, are the following:

Promoting family unity.
Preventive focus.
Objectivity.
Optimization.
Complexity (work must be performed comprehensively, and not individually).
Systematicity (actions must be interconnected and complementary).

Varieties

Family social patronage can be of several types:

Legal.
Economic.
Pedagogical.
Psychological.
Medical.

Let's look at them in more detail.

It may include the delivery of food, medicine, feeding, hygiene services, cleaning of living quarters, night duty and other activities that allow a person to ensure a normal existence if he is not able to independently meet the necessary needs.

The task of the worker providing medical and social patronage is to perform these services, establish a trusting relationship with the ward, and tolerance.

Their responsibilities include consulting clients, finding alternative ways out of existing conflict situations together with their clients, and acting as an intermediary between a person and the people who surround him.

Social workers provide assistance aimed at reducing the anxiety of the ward, skillfully introducing him into the process of changes that are provided for in the work plan.

Tasks

Social and pedagogical patronage is aimed at increasing the competence of parents, creating positive motivation to find a way out of crisis situations, restoring relationships between children and parents, and forming their social position aimed at normal human development.

As part of socio-economic patronage, material assistance is provided by providing food, coupons, clothing, and benefits. The socio-economic type of patronage is a special case.

Social patronage of older people is provided.

This involves systematic monitoring of wards in order to identify threats of violence. In addition, assistance is provided based on social patronage methods.

What activities do employees perform?

Employees are engaged in the following activities:

They visit families, study and identify the causes of the problem.
They provide specific (sometimes emergency) assistance that can resolve crisis circumstances.
They provide preventive measures that satisfy needs, help stabilize favorable changes, consolidate successes, reduce or eliminate risk factors through motivation, mediation, and training.
They unite the actions of employees of relevant services to eliminate problematic situations in families.

Types of social support

Social support, if necessary, is provided by families, parents, caregivers, guardians, and other representatives of minors.

This type of activity is carried out by authorized services that have the legal right to provide psychological patronage.

Support can be of several types: legal, labor, socio-pedagogical, psychological, medical, household.

In addition, patronage institutions provide urgent services of public importance: provision of hot meals, provision of necessary shoes and clothing, legal support, assistance in obtaining temporary housing.

Supervisory authorities

Socio-pedagogical patronage implies activities aimed at serving wards at risk at home. In this connection, the procedure for providing such a service is controlled by the children's service, the social protection department, and the social services center.

The formation and implementation of quality control are regulated by Federal Law No. 256 of July 21, 2014.

Source: https://FB.ru/article/427401/sotsialnyiy-patronaj-sut-ponyatiya-vidyi-tehnologiya

Tasks

The main task of social patronage for children is to provide social workers with effective and comprehensive assistance in difficult situations. The specialists are guided by their personal pedagogical capabilities. Social and pedagogical patronage is aimed at increasing the competence of parents, creating positive motivation to find a way out of crisis situations, restoring relationships between children and parents, and forming their social position aimed at normal human development.

As part of socio-economic patronage, material assistance is provided by providing food, coupons, clothing, and benefits. The socio-economic type of patronage is a special case.

Social patronage of older people is provided.

This involves systematic monitoring of wards in order to identify threats of violence. In addition, assistance is provided based on social patronage methods.

Digital library

Social work / Methodology of social work with families / Stages of social work with families within the framework of patronage

Social patronage is the form of the closest interaction with the family, when a social worker is at her disposal 24 hours a day, spends a lot of time with family members, often several hours a day, is aware of everything that happens in the family, influencing the essence of events. The duration of social patronage is always limited. Depending on specific conditions, it can last 4–9 months. A social worker simultaneously patronizes no more than two families. At the same time, there may be families under his supervision that he previously patronized. The social worker maintains friendly contact with them and gets involved in solving individual problems of these families.

The work of a social worker with families begins with identifying dysfunctional families. Sources of primary information about troubles in families are the school, the juvenile affairs inspectorate, sometimes clinics and other institutions, as well as private individuals, neighbors, and acquaintances.

Zheleznova A.K. proposes to highlight the following stages of social work with families within the framework of patronage:

1) acquaintance. Agreement with the family;

2) joining the family. Creating and maintaining motivation to overcome the crisis;

3) collecting information about the family (Appendix 4, 5);

4) analysis of information about the family;

5) removing the family from social isolation. Plan and contract in working with families;

6) leaving the family.

1st stage. Acquaintance. Agreement with the family .

Work with the family begins with the conclusion of a bilateral agreement between the family and the social security service represented by a social worker (Appendix 6). It should be noted that the agreement has no legal force; its significance lies in establishing the “rules of the game”, outlining the circle of mutual obligations and rights, as well as consolidating in the minds of the parties the fact of entering into a relationship to achieve a common goal.

The family comes to the conclusion of the agreement as a result of the work of the commission on affairs of minors and the protection of their rights (KDNiZP) or bypassing the commission. The first option of establishing contact with the family has its advantages. The meeting of the commission reveals family problems, their social significance, creates strong motivation to change the situation, offering specific ways to implement these changes.

The second option for including the family in work presupposes a high degree of awareness of the problem and motivation for the family to get out of it initially. If this is not the case, failure to take advantage of the first option is not justified. An offer of help by a social worker may be considered by family members as a private proposal, which at some point can simply be brushed aside. The commission for the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights has the authority of a government body with real significant powers.

For a multi-problem family that has lived with a crisis situation for a long time and does not make attempts to change it, aggravating the situation, bringing it to the last line, for example, the adoption by the commission for minors and the protection of their rights of a decision to collect documents for deprivation may have a stimulating value. parental rights.

2nd stage. Joining the family. Creating and maintaining motivation to overcome the crisis .

The social worker must first help formalize the existing positive potential of the family into the plans and intentions of family members, and then help translate these plans and intentions into real actions and actions, tracking the sequence of targeted actions to overcome the crisis.

The motives for families to work with a social worker are:

· family awareness of the need for change;

· emphasized attention to the family from society;

· putting forward realistically achievable goals;

· creating a situation of free choice for family members, based on their positive intentions;

· good contact, trust of family members in the social worker;

· clear ideas about the capabilities of a social worker and their boundaries, about the ways and methods of his work;

· necessary timely and versatile (informational, organizational, material and moral) support by a social worker for the efforts of family members to achieve success;

· real results of the first steps taken together, the first tangible changes for the better;

· Gradual problem solving.

To maintain motivation you also need:

· attracting persons who enjoy special trust and are significant to family members;

· free flow of information in the system: “family – social worker – commission on affairs of minors and protection of their rights – medical-psychological-pedagogical council (MPC)”;

· timely analysis of family “resistance” and ineffective contacts.

3rd stage. Collecting information about the family

. Collecting information about the family involves:

· use of a wide range of information collection methods;

· collecting information throughout the entire time of working with the family;

· collecting information necessary and sufficient to work with the family;

· careful selection of objective information in the places of stay of family members;

· comparison of information from various sources.

A social worker begins her work by collecting accurate, complete, reliable, objective information about family members and their immediate environment in the places where she is located. He needs to know:

· family composition;

· characteristics of external and internal contacts of the family;

· norms, values, rules, ideas of a given family;

· abilities and capabilities of family members;

· level of material support, features of everyday life organization;

· health status, lifestyle and habits of family members.

The social worker, as necessary, resorts to the advice of specialists and uses their conclusions in his work.

To collect information, a social worker uses a wide range of methods. First of all, this is a conversation with family members and people from her immediate circle; You can use such types of conversation as a constructive interview or a conversation in an expanded format (with the involvement of other specialists who are especially important for a given family).

The social worker actively uses diagnostic methods to collect information. Diagnostic procedures are carried out by himself, psychologists, and other specialists.

An inspection report on living conditions, a map of family social connections, a conflict map, etc. are drawn up. The collected information is entered into the family card, the child’s card, analyzed by a social worker and other involved specialists, the MPPC to the extent necessary to solve the family’s problems. This information is protected as confidential from unauthorized persons and serves as the basis for the formation of a database on dysfunctional families.

Collecting information about the family is a permanent element of the social worker’s work; on the basis of this information, he forms relationships with the family and plans for joint work to get the family out of the crisis.

4th stage. Analysis of family information .

A social worker analyzes information about a family in order to find optimal approaches to solving family problems and the most effective ways of interacting with it. At the same time, he not only provides the information he has to other specialists working with the family, but also constantly receives information that is important to him about possible theoretical and practical approaches to solving certain family problems.

5th stage. Bringing families out of social isolation. Plan and contract in working with families .

The goals, objectives and prospects for the activities of the social worker and the family are expressed in the contract. The contract is drawn up by a social worker based on an analysis of the information received together with family members. It briefly outlines the intentions of the parties, the obligations they assume to lead the family out of the crisis, and indicates the timing of this work.

The contract outlines the main directions of effort; it is not a legal document, but is intended to increase the responsibility of the parties and structure activities to obtain the desired results. When drawing up a contract, the social worker uses the principle of necessity and sufficiency.

At the same time, the social worker and the family jointly develop a plan for the next stage (for example, a monthly plan or a plan for achieving a specific intermediate result), which contains specific steps to solve the family’s problems and the timing of their implementation. The implementation of these steps within the planned time frame is monitored by a social worker. Responsibility for fulfilling contractual obligations and current plans rests with the family.

The content of work with a family is determined by the problems it has. A social worker organizes a network of interaction to solve family problems from people working in various government and public organizations, related to the family through their duties, and private individuals connected to the family emotionally. He coordinates the efforts of various organizations so that the impact on the family is coordinated, timely and of the required intensity, consistent with the needs of its development.

The social worker provides information and organizational assistance to the family. Information assistance consists of providing information about the operating modes of various services, what collections of documents are necessary to resolve a particular issue, and the sources of information of interest. Organizational assistance consists in the fact that a social worker initiates consideration of family problems in various commissions and organizations, provides various types of assistance, and organizes family members for a systematic step-by-step solution to its problems.

Interaction networks for solving problems of specific families merge into the interaction network of social protection institutions. In addition to the contacts described above, it contains the following contacts:

· with scientific institutions to obtain analytical and methodological information, training in social and rehabilitation work technologies;

· with educational institutions in order to interact with young people;

· with psychologists and other specialists for internships and employment;

· with sponsors to finance work with disadvantaged families;

· with colleagues from other organizations to exchange information about working with families and children.

6th stage. Leaving the family .

At the end of the intensive period of work, the social worker presents a map of changes in the family. The issue of removing the family from social patronage and establishing supervision over the family for a certain period (up to a year) is being considered. At the same time, the social worker regularly informs the MPPK, KDNiZP and members of the interaction network about the family’s situation. He continues to provide the family with the necessary information and invites them to health, cultural, and developmental events.

The described stages are present in working with every family. The boundaries of the identified stages are conditional. For example, the first stage may begin with the receipt of information about the family and end with the signing of an agreement with the family. The second one originates in the depths of the first one, and efforts to maintain the family’s motivation to change the situation may be in demand at different times when working with it. The third stage - collecting information about the family - begins with the receipt of the first information about the family, is most relevant at the beginning of intensive work with it, and ends only with leaving the family.

What activities do employees perform?

Employees are engaged in the following activities:

They visit families, study and identify the causes of the problem.
They provide specific (sometimes emergency) assistance that can resolve crisis circumstances.
They provide preventive measures that satisfy needs, help stabilize favorable changes, consolidate successes, reduce or eliminate risk factors through motivation, mediation, and training.
They unite the actions of employees of relevant services to eliminate problematic situations in families.

Types of social support

Social support, if necessary, is provided by families, parents, caregivers, guardians, and other representatives of minors. This type of activity is carried out by authorized services that have the legal right to provide psychological patronage. Support can be of several types: legal, labor, socio-pedagogical, psychological, medical, household.

Social patronage and patronage: foster care

In the Russian Federation, there are various forms of placement for children left without the guardianship of their parents, or disabled patients, elderly people, and citizens recognized by the court as incompetent.

Each of these categories has the right to receive sufficient necessary material support and physical care, since they themselves are not able to do this for objective reasons.

Thus, one of these forms of care is social patronage and patronage. Both terms denote the patronage of a trustee over a ward, but still their goals differ. In this article we will understand what foster care and foster care are.

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Characteristics of concepts

Most often, people who do not understand the forms of guardianship use these concepts as synonyms, but this is the wrong approach, since the meaning of the words differs.

It is important to understand the concepts of these terms and their specifics in order to understand which form of guardianship to turn to in case of need.

Foster care and its specifics

This type of guardianship can only be carried out through a foster care organization that has received permission to provide such services. The organization must have its own staff trained to provide professional patient care.

Foster care includes the following responsibilities:

rehabilitation and education of a child left without parental care;
training people who want to accept a child from an orphanage into their family or provide patronage to a child from an orphanage;
accompaniment of a child adopted into a family or under patronage and support of a foster family.

The patronage organization includes the following departments:

rehabilitation (psychologists and psychotherapists, speech therapist, defectologist, etc.);
social and legal protection;
support for adoptive families (training, consulting).

What is the difference from other forms of family placement? The main difference between patronage and adoption, guardianship and foster families is the division of rights and responsibilities for caring for an incapacitated citizen, child or disabled people between a large number of participants.

This includes, in addition to the parents and the ward himself, a foster carer and an authorized representative of the guardianship authority.

The functions of legal representatives are equally inherent in both the family and educators.

ATTENTION ! Educators are removed from property issues (division, management, transactions), represent the interests of the child in court when considering a case of deprivation of the rights of his parents, and make a decision on the child’s departure abroad.

The work of foster care education involves the technology of planning, implementing and monitoring the child’s educational process, teaching activities with the foster family, the child’s social adaptation, and working with blood relatives in order to establish a connection between them and the child.

Each of these powers is closely related to the other and cannot be excluded or omitted. The technological process of education must be strictly observed, since patronage is, first of all, a pedagogical activity.

Conclusion

Many forms of placement and education make it possible not to lose sight of as many needy children and disabled adults as possible.

Patronage and patronage are not synonymous. These are two different concepts, similar only in the fact that through them assistance is provided in the care and education of orphans, disabled people, and incapacitated people.

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Source: https://zakonsovet.com/semejnoe/prava-i-objazannosti/usynovlenie-i-opeka/patronat-i-patronazh.html