Connoisseur of women's shoulders

• May 8, 2020
• Terms
• Olga Strelkova

Which is correct - “patronage” or “patronage”? The difference between these terms is difficult for many due to the very similar sound and spelling of these words, differing only in one letter at the end. But confusion when using them in speech occurs not only because of this. Its roots are found both in the common origin of the terms and in a certain proximity of these concepts.

So, in the French language there is a noun patronage, meaning “patronage”, “support”, from which the Russian “patronage” comes from. In turn, the French lexeme is of Latin origin, formed from the noun patronus, the meaning of which is “patron”, “protector”. And the word patronus is derived from the word pater - “father”.

And yet the concepts under consideration are different. This article will help you figure out whether a person is under patronage or patronage.

Patronage in Ancient Rome

Do you know the difference between patronage and patronage? A dive into the times of Ancient Rome will help you understand the difference between these terms. There was a form of patronage that made poor or disadvantaged citizens dependent on the powerful and wealthy. It was called "patronage". The person who carried it out was called a patron, in Latin patronus - “patron”, “protector”.

In Roman law, this is a noble, wealthy citizen who exercised patronage over former slaves to whom he granted freedom, as well as his clients. Initially, patrons were exclusively patricians. Patrons defended the rights of their wards in court. A special servant called a “nomenclator” helped the patron maintain various relationships with clients.

Clients had a number of responsibilities. They:

• every morning they greeted the patron at his house;
• served as messengers;
• served as his personal guard;
• were claquers at his performances;
• voted for him in the comitia (people's assemblies) if the patron was nominated for public office.

After secret voting by means of tablets was introduced, it became impossible to verify loyalty to the patron in this case.

Connoisseur of women's shoulders

Once upon a time at our philology department we liked to tell this joke: two professors, for example, N. and P., are standing in the corridor. If you look from the outside, pundits are discussing global problems. But in fact, N. quietly says to P.: “Look, colleague, what a student: what kind of gait, what kind of shoulders ... And by the way, colleague, which is correct: shoulders or shoulders ?”

Indeed, how to say in the genitive plural - “women's shoulders ” or “women's shoulders ”? And the Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language, and the Dictionary of Difficulties, and the Dictionary of Stresses (in which grammatical forms, naturally, are also reflected) - they all unanimously recommend that we use the short version: “ shoulders ”. Well, it’s simpler for us: the shorter, the better. So, Professor N. is a well-known connoisseur of women's shoulders.

Shoulders, shoulders, shoulders, shoulders, about shoulders... And also “ over the shoulders ” and “ over the shoulders ” - this is the case if you are talking about something that you threw over the shoulders or behind the shoulders . You can also put someone or something on your shoulders or on your shoulders , again it’s up to you to choose, there are no special restrictions here.

The most important thing is to remember that very single form of the genitive plural: “ shoulders ”. You can handle the rest, I'm sure.

* * *

Imagine some magnificent event - for example, a festival. The presenters begin the opening ceremony and first of all say:

— Our festival is held under high patronage - under the patronage of ...

You don’t have to continue, because there’s a mistake in the very first sentence. The festival takes place not under patronage , but under patronage .

Two very similar words are “ patronage ” and “ patronage ”, it is not surprising that they are confused. What similarities are there - the same roots! There was a Latin word “patronus” - patron, protector. This is what became the basis for these two words - not directly, but through the French language. There are both “patronage” and “patronat” in French - direct sources of our words “ patronage ” and “ patronage ”.

Let's clarify: patronage is the regular provision of home care to children and certain categories of patients. If you raised a child, you probably know what foster nurse is, who, in fact, carries out this very patronage .

It turns out that it is impossible to exercise patronage over the festival. What is possible? Possibly - patronage . In ancient Rome, by the way, patronage was a form of patronage carried out by patrons . When we now say that an event is being held under the patronage of someone, we mean that it is being held with the assistance, supervision and direction of some important person or large organization. Under patronage !

Patronage is different; it is required by the sick and weak. And what kind of festival is this that needs not patronage , but patronage ...

* * *

A telephone in a house where a large family lives is worth its weight in gold. There’s just no line lining up for him!

In general, sometimes the situation becomes so aggravated that one of the household members sometimes sighs: no, let them introduce this fee when you need to pay for calls depending on how much you talk... What is it called, this payment? Time-based , time-based , time-based ?…

Yes, there are a lot of syllables in a word, but we have to choose: a word is very important for us, a vital word. You won't be able to talk on the phone without it!

So: if the authorities fulfill their promise, then the payment for the telephone will become temporary . Yes, yes, that’s right: time-based . This will be a time payment for the phone. All well-known dictionaries give such stress: the Spelling Dictionary, the Dictionary of Stresses, and the Orthoepic Dictionary. This last one, by the way, emphasizes: it is wrong to say “ temporary ”.

The time will come - and payment for the phone will be timely ... To be honest, I don’t undertake to explain this emphasis: it seems that this is a case when you just need to remember.

Defenders of cities and provinces

Considering the question of what is the difference between patronage and patronage, it will be interesting to know that not only people, but also cities and provinces were under patronage in the Roman Empire. Most often, their interests were protected by senators. For example, Cicero was patron of the province of Sicily. He, defending her interests in court, achieved the indictment of the governor of Verres for his numerous abuses in 73-71. BC e.

At a time when civil wars were fought in the Roman Empire, some representatives of the populares (defenders of the interests of the plebs) declared themselves patrons of their troops. Poets also enjoyed patronage. For example, Mark Valery Martial (40-104), who is famous for his epigrams.

Type of guardianship for minors

To understand the difference between patronage and patronage, let’s move on to the realities of today. In Russian civil legislation there is the term “patronage”. Its formulation is given in the law “On Guardianship and Trusteeship”, adopted in 2008. It states that this is one of the types of guardianship exercised in relation to minors on a reimbursable basis.

This type of guardianship is established by regional legislation. And today it takes place in a number of Russian regions in the form of placing children who are left without parental care into families. The child is placed in a family for upbringing by concluding an agreement. In this case, the teacher is called a foster teacher, and the care he provides is paid.

From the moment Law No. 48-FZ, mentioned above, came into force on September 1, 2008, a foster carer acquires the status of a child’s guardian, that is, his representative by force of law. The closest analogue in English-speaking countries is the foster family.

Patronage is a form of placement for children left without parental care

Any state is obliged to deal with issues of helping children who have been deprived by various unfavorable circumstances of the main thing in their lives - the love and care of their parents.

Today, there are three types of such assistance, which are officially called guardianship, adoption and patronage.

While the first two concepts are more or less familiar to the average person, the latter often causes misunderstanding and many questions.

What is patronage

Patronage is an institution that deals with placing children into families who cannot be adopted or taken into care. These are the children who, for various reasons, cannot be registered in the database of orphans.

According to existing legislation, only children who are orphans and children whose parents are alive but deprived of parental rights or have abandoned them are included in such a database.

But there are cases when a child has parents, or at least one of them, but for some reason they do not pay due attention to the upbringing and care of the child.

This is when patronage comes to the rescue as a form of guardianship, providing temporary refuge for children from problem families until the parents solve their problems.

For this purpose, the child is temporarily placed in a family of foster parents, where he remains until his own parents are able to provide him with proper living and upbringing conditions.

During the entire time the child stays in such a family, he is looked after by social service professionals, and the state provides him with everything he needs.

Features of patronage

Patronage is usually of two types - short-term and long-term. Short-term patronage is considered to be one that lasts from one day to six months. Guardianship of a child for more than six months is considered long-term foster care. It should be noted here that children can be under family patronage until adulthood.

But even with the onset of adulthood, they are not expelled, but can continue to live in the family and, using its example, see what a family and family life should be like, learn to help loved ones in difficult situations.

The foster care system does not establish strict requirements for the age of foster parents, their income or living space, since the state is responsible for providing the child with everything necessary.

Foster family

In order to be able to take a child into a family on a foster basis, there are some requirements.

• Teachers can only be adults without a criminal record and restrictions (full or partial) in legal capacity.
• These cannot be people who have been deprived of parental rights or have restrictions in them, as well as people who in the past, through their own fault, were deprived of the status of a guardian or adoptive parent.
• Foster parents must have permanent registration and housing in normal, not emergency condition.
• Potential candidates should also note that the family must have at least one other source of income in addition to the foster care provider's salary.
• The foster family must undergo preliminary training to learn their rights and responsibilities.

Social patronage

Help in raising a child by foster parents may also be needed in cases where the child still lives with his parents, but for various reasons they cannot cope with his upbringing, or one of them is seriously ill, and the other cannot raise the child properly.

This situation is dealt with by social patronage, when a foster carer visits a child several times a week, helps raise him and solve important social problems. Such a teacher can be entrusted with up to five students at a time.

How to become a foster carer

People who intend to temporarily raise a child from an orphanage must contact social security and register with the guardianship council. They will inform you about all the necessary documents and certificates needed to obtain patronage. There are also some formal criteria for selecting families for foster care.

The most important criterion is the psychological readiness of the family to accept the pupil. It is important that there are no functional impairments in the candidate’s family.

Along with psychological readiness, employees of the authorized organization determine emotional maturity, motivation to accept a child, and the ability to bear responsibility for him at each stage of foster care.

Even if the candidate meets all the formal requirements, his desire to become a foster carer may be refused. Such a decision must be reasoned and justified. The responsibilities of candidates for foster care include mandatory completion of appropriate training, including trainings, lectures, and seminars.

Foster care agreement

The regulation of the relationship between the orphan and the foster carer is controlled by a special authorized service. The foster care agreement is the main official document on the basis of which the authorized service transfers pupils to foster families.

Benefits and payments

Payments for patronage are regulated in each region in relation to the state of the local budget. To provide for each child, the teacher regularly receives the required equipment, clothing, and a cash allowance for feeding the pupil.

In addition, each teacher has the right to receive cash payments for the needs of the patron, the amount of which is three times the minimum wage. The spending of this money is monitored by the board of trustees. There are other reports that must be provided to the board in a specified manner.

The frequency and timing of their submission are stipulated when drawing up the foster care agreement.

How is foster care different from foster care?

In a foster family, parents are full guardians, while in a foster family they are just educators who are responsible for the person under their care together with the authorized bodies. In many cases, foster care is a transitional option before obtaining the right to adoption and guardianship.

How is patronage different from patronage?

Patronage and patronage are very similar sounding concepts and the essence of which is patronage over someone. But, there are some differences. Patronage is, first of all, social care, medical assistance for incompetent people or minors.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDUKQs0B_gM

And patronage is one of the most effective forms of guardianship over children left without parental care temporarily or for a long time. It promotes positive social development. Unlike education in a boarding school, this type of patronage has multiple advantages.

Legislative regulation

Source: https://zen.yandex.ru/media/opekarf/patronat-eto-forma-ustroistva-detei-ostavshihsia-bez-popecheniia-roditelei-5d13b9b221f51b00aea1bc8d

What are the features of such guardianship?

To understand the difference between patronage and patronage, we should first consider the features of the first of them.

Its difference from adoption is that the child (as with all other forms of guardianship) retains all the benefits and payments that are due to him as someone without parental care. This refers, in particular:

• about maintenance funds issued every month;
• opportunities to enroll in studies without competition;
• leaving housing for the child, and if there is none, then receiving it at adult age.

When the patronage is terminated, all legal relations that existed between the child and the teacher are terminated.

Regulated by the Civil Code

The difference from regular guardianship is the fact that the services of a foster carer are provided on a reimbursable basis. Such a teacher cannot act at his own discretion. It is limited by the framework of the agreement with the guardianship authority.

In character it is close to civil law. That is, its regulation occurs on the basis of the norms not of the Labor Code, but of the Civil Code. This agreement provides for a remuneration that is paid to the teacher once a month. The procedure for its payment and volume is determined by the regional legislator.

Further, in continuation of the study of the difference between patronage and patronage, a number of details regarding the first of these concepts will be considered.

Other nuances

They are as follows:

1. This type of guardianship does not operate throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation, but exclusively in regions in which, after September 1, 2008, legislative acts regulating the creation of foster families were published or reissued. An example is the Moscow region and the Perm region.
2. Children are also placed in the family of a foster carer when they need rehabilitation in the family or they temporarily need a substitute family.
3. The requirements for candidates are less stringent than during adoption, but more stringent than during regular guardianship.
4. The foster carer must undergo special training.
5. The agreement may include one-time payments and additional benefits. But it may also include some restrictions.
6. Work is provided in accordance with the plans dictated by the guardianship authorities. Strict control is established over the teacher, he reports in detail for the expenditure of funds received for children.
7. Contacts with parents and other relatives of the child are usually considered mandatory and are regulated by agreement of the parties.

Next, the second of the concepts under consideration will be studied.

Stages of the procedure

In order to become foster carers, you must go through a procedure defined by law.

Applying for guardianship

The first step is to contact the guardianship authorities. There you need to submit an application, attaching a number of documents to it:

• autobiography;
• a copy of the marriage certificate;
• medical certificates confirming the absence of drug and alcohol addiction and other serious diseases;
• certificate from the place of work about the amount of salary;
• certificates of no criminal record;
• consent of other family members regarding consent to foster care.

All relatives over 10 years of age must give consent.

The application contains the following information:

• Full name of the applicant, passport details;
• information about relatives living with the applicant;
• an indication of the absence of circumstances that could prevent the conclusion of a marriage union.

If the applicant receives a pension, then its amount must be indicated.

We do not recommend completing the documents yourself. Save time - contact our lawyers by phone:

8 (800) 350-29-87

Having accepted the documents, the guardianship authorities analyze them and check the information provided. If you need to clarify the details, you can contact the authorized bodies for additional data. Living conditions are also checked. Also, future educators must undergo training courses (up to 80 hours), which are usually conducted by guardianship authorities.

If all documents are in order, then you can start searching for the child . To do this, you can turn to databases that contain information about their character, age, health status and where this child is currently located. You can contact the guardianship authorities directly.

Meeting with the child and informing about readiness for adoption

After the child is found, he must be met in the presence of a specialist from the guardianship authority. He has with him documents about the birth of the child and his state of health. The fact of familiarization with the papers must be documented in writing. Also, the future foster carer has the right to apply for an independent medical examination. But during it, a guardianship officer must be present.

After the decision to accept a child into foster care is finally made, the representative of the guardianship authorities must be informed about this. This is done in writing. Based on this application, an act is subsequently issued to appoint the person as a foster carer.

Receipt of the act of appointment

The final decision that a citizen can be appointed as a foster carer is made by the guardianship authority within 15 days (or refusal). It is formalized by a corresponding act. Once it is signed, the guardianship has three days to serve it on the applicant.

Having this document in hand allows a person to proceed to the next stage of registration of patronage - concluding an agreement.

Conclusion of an agreement

The agreement is concluded between the guardianship authority and the future teacher with the participation of the state children's institution where the child is currently kept. Its mandatory elements are:

• name of the government body responsible for patronage in a specific constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
• Full name of the teacher, his passport details, residential address;
• Child’s full name, date of birth, data from passport or birth certificate;
• rights and responsibilities of the teacher;
• rights and obligations of the guardianship authority;
• liability of the parties;
• term of patronage (term of validity of the contract);
• terms of payment;
• social guarantees;
• signatures of all parties.

A mandatory clause of the agreement is about the conditions and circumstances of transferring the child to a foster family.

We do not recommend completing the documents yourself. Save time - contact our lawyers by phone:

8 (800) 350-29-87

Choosing an accompanying organization and why is it necessary? Is it possible to refuse?

The foster family must choose an organization that will accompany it in order to provide various types of assistance (legal, advisory, social, medical, pedagogical).

You cannot opt ​​out of this service, but you can choose it at your own discretion. Each region has a list of organizations.

Ambiguous term

Continuing the conversation about how patronage and patronage differ, let’s move on to consider the second of these concepts. It comes from the French word patronage, meaning support, patronage. In Russian, this word has several areas of application:

1. In the field of law, the term “patronage” is used in legal practice both in our country and in other countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union. These are Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. It is a special form of guardianship and trusteeship.
2. In agriculture there is also patronage. We are talking about commercial guardianship exercised over a perennial fruit-bearing plant or animal.
3. Doctors call patronage the activities they carry out at home that are sanitary, educational and preventive in nature.
4. Political patronage is expressed in the practice of providing various kinds of benefits to political parties.

Next, we will consider in detail the first of these values.

Patronage as a legal term

In Russia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, there is a special type of guardianship and trusteeship called patronage. It should not be confused with another form of guardianship - patronage, which is a variant of placing minor children in a family, which was described in detail above.

In the case of patronage, we mean assistance to citizens who have already reached the age of majority and are legally capable. However, they require assistance in exercising their rights. Such a need may arise in cases where a person, due to poor health, is unable to protect his rights and cannot cope with his duties without outside help. To be in foster care means to be in the care of someone.

Patronage: the essence and goals of a foster family, difference from foster care, payments for raising a child

Elena Petrenko Last modified: January 2021 3657

A foster family is a form of guardianship and trusteeship in which a child is transferred to caregivers under a foster care agreement. According to it, the foster parent is a teacher and receives a salary, and the minor is guaranteed care, food and a full range of social benefits available to children left without parents.

What is a foster family?

• Types of patronage
• Post-boarding school
• Foster family
• How is a social patronage agreement concluded?
• Statement
• Conclusion of the OOiP on the possibility of implementing social patronage
• Social patronage agreement
• How to draw up a post-boarding patronage agreement: step-by-step instructions
• Statement and Conclusion
• Post-boarding care agreement
• How to take a child into foster care?
• Application for issuance of an opinion
• Conclusion of the OO&P
• Agreement
• Control of foster families by guardianship authorities
• Payments to foster carers and children
• Lawyer's answers to questions about foster care
• Conclusion

Foster care is considered one of the simplest and fastest forms of foster care for minor children.

Read also:  Entry into legal force of a judge’s absentee decision on divorce?

The agreement is concluded in several cases:

1. The child’s parents are alive and have not been deprived of parental rights, but assistance is required in raising them and temporary placement with educators. For example, if the mother and father are in the process of deprivation, are experiencing a difficult financial situation or are seriously ill. Parents remain with the child, but need assistance in proper upbringing. If it is impossible to use other forms of arrangement: adoption, guardianship, trusteeship, foster family.
2. If a child left without parental care has not reached the age of majority, but is sent from an orphanage to study at a secondary specialized education institution for working professions.
3. In relation to a person from among orphans (from 18 to 23 years old), if he is studying in a secondary specialized education organization. But he needs adult help for socialization.

The purpose of establishing patronage is social assistance, protection of property and non-property rights of children. A child in respect of whom an agreement has been concluded with the guardianship authorities avoids ending up in an orphanage and receives guaranteed guardianship and care.

Important! The law on foster care has not yet been considered in its final version, so the conditions for the conclusion and duration of the agreement are different everywhere. We will look at the example of Moscow, where patronage has become widespread.

In which cities does patronage operate?

Patronage laws do not apply throughout Russia - they have been adopted only in a few regions:

1. Regions: Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnodar, Perm, Primorsky, Stavropol.
2. Regions: Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Bryansk, Samara, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Volgograd, Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Kostroma, Kaluga, Bryansk, Murmansk, Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Tver, Orenburg, Pskov, Sakhalin, Ryazan, Samara, Smolensk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Chitinskaya, Yaroslavl.
3. Republics: Adygea, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Chuvashia, Karelia, Mari El, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia.
4. KHMAO.

In the Novosibirsk, Rostov, Omsk, and Chelyabinsk regions, experimental work is being carried out to introduce patronage, but laws have not yet been adopted.

Patronage and patronage: differences

Many people, due to the consonance of the concepts, confuse them, although there are significant differences between them:

Patronage can be used in the form of concluding a contract for children, and educators are actually endowed with the rights and responsibilities of guardians. If patronage is provided to the family, the child is not removed, but the appointed teacher regularly visits the minor, controls the parents and helps in upbringing.

Differences from guardianship and adoption

Patronage, unlike adoption or guardianship, does not always imply cohabitation of the teacher with the child: for example, if we are talking about post-boarding or social care, he only visits the minor with established frequency.

From a legal point of view, patronage and guardianship are similar: the ward has no rights to the property of the trustees, just as they do not have rights to his. Adoptive parents are endowed with all the rights of parents and can inherit the property of adopted children.

Cancellation of patronage and guardianship is carried out at the request of the trustees or at the initiative of the OOiP without court intervention. An adoption can only be canceled by a court decision if there are guilty actions of the adoptive parents.

Requirements for foster carers

The same requirements are established for foster carers as for guardians:

• adult age, full legal capacity;
• having a permanent place of residence;
• the absence of dangerous diseases that prevent the child from being taken into the family;
• absence of alcohol or drug addiction;
• disability group 1;
• completing training at a school for foster parents;
• no criminal record.

Citizens who were previously deprived of parental rights and who have ceased to be adoptive parents through their fault have no right to take children into foster care. It is not allowed to enter into an agreement with persons who are in a same-sex marriage or who have been removed from guardianship duties.

Note! In some regions, completing a guardianship course is not required to establish post-boarding care.

Literature

• Asadullina G. R., Burkhanova F. B., Komleva R. N., Mukhamadieva R. R., Rezyapova G. F., Tretyakova K. V., Shamsutdinova N. K., Shayakhmetova R. R.
  Foster family in modern Russia. - RIC BashSU, 2021. - 276 p. — ISBN 978-5-7477-4103-4.
• Bazarova E. B.
  Replacement family as an institution for the socialization of orphans and children left without parental care. - Bulletin of Buryat State University, 2011. - Issue. 5. - pp. 236-243.
• Golikova S.V.
  Once again about the reform of foster care in the light of the federal law “On guardianship and trusteeship.” - Agency for Advanced Scientific Research (APNI), 2021. - Vol. VI. - pp. 24-31.

Types of patronage

Patronage is divided into several types, differing in the age of the children and the functions of the teacher.

Social

Social patronage implies the preservation of parental care and the use of a set of measures aimed at promoting the normal development and upbringing of a minor.

This form of patronage is characterized by concluding an agreement with a public organization or other authorized organization free of charge. Parents do not pay anything for this, and the teacher receives payments from the state. The maximum number of accompanying families is 5.

What are the responsibilities of a teacher under social patronage:

• monitor the child’s progress at school;
• provide social support to parents, help cope with conflicts, correct behavior and communication with children;
• give recommendations on the formation of leisure time, help expand the range of interests;
• control the order and sanitary conditions in the pupil’s home;
• monitor the health status of the minor and, if necessary, contact medical institutions;
• provide legal support in resolving legal issues.

Parents who have health problems and need help raising their children, as well as families with an unfavorable psychological situation that impedes the adequate development of the child, can apply for social patronage.

Deadlines

Social patronage can be short-term – up to six months, and long-term – from six months or more.

Post-boarding school

After leaving boarding schools, children are often disoriented and have no idea about social behavior in society. For this purpose, post-boarding patronage is established for wards aged 18 to 23 - a set of measures aimed at adapting graduates.

The agreement is concluded between the child and the organization for orphans on the initiative of the pupil. It is allowed to draw up a document with him, the educational institution and the potential teacher. In this case, the consent of the ward and the latter will be required. The maximum number of pupils is 5.

The post-boarding teacher undertakes:

• perform functions in accordance with the terms of the contract;
• visit the pupil on time;
• take care of the physical, mental, moral development of the child;
• assist the graduate in the exercise of his rights and legitimate interests;
• provide support in further self-determination;
• create leisure activities for the ward;
• provide psychological support to the ward, give recommendations on communicating with other people.

If conflict situations arise, the teacher is obliged to inform the educational institution about this. Further actions will be chosen jointly, taking into account the individual characteristics and opinion of the child.

How to find a child?

If you don't know who you want to foster, look up the children's information at the Federal Bank. It contains information about minors for adoption, guardianship or foster care.

The second option is to contact the OOiP. They will help you choose a child, but to conclude a contract you will have to go through a number of procedures.

Source: https://xn—-8sbap1abwipfbf6n.xn--p1ai/deti/patronatnye-roditeli.html

Voluntary expression of will is required

Concluding the study of the question of what is the difference between patronage and patronage, it should be noted that the latter, in relation to adult capable citizens, is formalized exclusively in accordance with their voluntary expression of will.

They write an appeal to the guardianship authority, whose responsibilities include assigning them an assistant. The applicant has the right to agree or reject his candidacy. If approved, the applicant and the trustee sign an agency agreement or formalize a trust management.

Patronage. Patronage

Patronage and patronage - many people confuse these concepts. Even Ozhegov’s explanatory dictionary indicates that these are synonyms. And yet, is there a difference between them?

In ancient Rome, patronage was understood as patronage, establishing the financial dependence of clients on patrons in the interests of acquiring political influence by the latter.

In Soviet times, this term was used to mean raising orphans who had lost contact with their parents in other people's families, under the control of government agencies.

Patronage was an organized form of medical care for patients and young children in a home environment.

So, it turns out that both words denote a type of patronage from someone. Only the goals are different. Patronage aims at social welfare, while patronage aims at medical care.

Let's look at these concepts in more detail.

Patronage

Patronage should be considered as a type of guardianship that is established over an adult capable citizen who, due to health reasons, is unable to independently exercise and defend his rights, as well as fulfill his duties. Patronage in Russia is regulated by Article 41 of the Civil Code.

The initiator of this type of guardianship is the citizen himself. To express a desire, he must submit an application to the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, which establish patronage. The applicant may accept or refuse the trustee assigned to him.

If the trustee is approved, an agency agreement or trust management agreement is concluded between him and the warded citizen, under which the patron carries out his activities. Termination of the contract can occur either at the request of the ward or at the request of the trustee.

Patronage of disabled or elderly people is often carried out by various medical centers. Offers of this type of service can be found in any city.

The following types of patronage are distinguished:

• antenatal (prenatal) patronage – its task is to inspect the living conditions of the family where the pregnant woman is living, and teach future parents the rules of child care;
• patronage for a pregnant woman - a form of patronage in which the obstetrician-gynecologist and the antenatal clinic nurse promote a favorable outcome of childbirth and the postpartum period;
• patronage of a newborn - monitoring the child’s condition after discharge from the maternity hospital, early diagnosis of the initial stages of diseases;
• patronage of children - active monitoring of the development of a child up to 3 years of age (for children with poor health, age is not limited);
• patronage of a mentally ill person - carrying out by a psychiatrist or a nurse at a psychoneurological dispensary the necessary measures when keeping a mentally ill person in the family;
• patronage of disabled people - observation and implementation of necessary procedures by a doctor or nurse;
• patronage of the elderly - provision of nursing services to people weakened due to age-related illnesses.

Currently, the main goals of patronage in medical institutions are considered to be carrying out various health and preventive measures at home, introducing rules of personal hygiene and improving sanitary and hygienic conditions at home.

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