Medical examination upon hiring: Labor Code of the Russian Federation in 2021

Procedure for undergoing a medical examination

Since a medical examination is the responsibility of both future and current employees (Article 214 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and the employer, the latter must instruct the former in such a way that the potential employee has a complete understanding of which doctors he needs to see, which clinic he should go to apply, and what tests are required to be taken to obtain the desired position.

The procedure for passing a medical examination when applying for a job is as follows:

1. The applicant for the position receives all the necessary information and full instructions.
2. Next, he purchases or receives a medical examination form from an enterprise or organization (different organizations may require different forms to be filled out).
3. Having received everything you need , you need to take with you your passport and a referral for a medical examination.
4. Next , you need to contact the clinic’s reception desk and get your outpatient card.
5. about the order in which you should visit doctors , but according to the law, the first and last doctor should be your local physician. He will tell you how best to organize the commission and afterwards, certify all the results and issue an opinion on whether your level of health is suitable to work in the position you are interested in.
6. If the examination includes a tank culture , then please note that stamps with the results must be placed not only in the medical book, but also in the template form. In the absence of at least one such seal, the therapist does not have the right to issue a conclusion or work permit.
7. After receiving the conclusion, you can go to the person who referred you for examination (nurse or human resources department) and submit all the documents received. It is best to make a copy of the health book and certificate.

List of necessary tests

A medical examination includes the following diagnostic and laboratory tests:

• electrocardiography (for heart disease) and fluorography (examination of chest organs);
• laboratory blood tests: biochemical (sugar, cholesterol) and clinical, blood tests for syphilis and typhoid fever;
• clinical urine analysis (detection of dysfunctions of the urinary system);
• cytological examination (test-diagnosis of cancer) and smear for Trichomonas and gonococci;
• swab from the nose and mouth to detect staphylococcus;
• helminthological studies: feces using the KATO method, scraping for helminthiasis;
• feces for dysentery and salmonellosis.

Analyzes for a medical book, for each field of activity, are a well-established list that must be followed.

Employees of organizations whose activities involve the examination, diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected people are required to donate blood using Form 50 (diagnosis of HIV infection).

As for undergoing fluorography, it is important to know how long certificates based on the results of these examinations are valid.

The results of fluorography, certificates from a psychiatrist and narcologist are valid for a year ; if available, these examinations can be skipped .

List of required doctors and tests

As mentioned above, each profession has a certain list of mandatory tests and doctors that a future employee must visit. But there are also those points that are mandatory and, therefore, the same for all positions and ages.

This is a basic list of specialists that everyone should visit when applying for a job.

These are the doctors whom we are obliged to visit 1-2 times a year without reminders, but, unfortunately, we only do this forcibly:

1. Therapist. He will refer you to the right specialists and write his expert opinion on the compliance or non-compliance with the level of physical and mental (if necessary) health of the position held.
2. Gynecologist and surgeon (for women and men, respectively). It is highly advisable to visit these doctors for preventative visits twice a year, but before hiring, this visit is not voluntary, it is mandatory. Identifying diseases in the “male” or “female” part in the early stages makes it possible to cope with them in 87% of cases.
3. Fluorography is mandatory for everyone. This requirement has a solid basis, given the current statistics on the incidence of tuberculosis. The Ministry of Health very carefully monitors the recording of fluorographic examinations, therefore, if you try to buy the results, both you and the doctor (nurse) risk incurring criminal liability.

Where can I get checked?

To undergo a medical examination and record its results, as well as information on tests, an employee must have a special medical book.
This document is purchased at places that sell similar printed products. Or you can contact the Hygiene Center or its local branch directly. With the card in hand, you must contact the medical institution at your place of permanent residence (clinic). Here the employee will be examined by specialists who will prescribe the necessary tests and additional examinations (if required by the health condition of the person requesting the examination).

Who should pay and how much?

According to the Labor Code, the employer must pay for the mandatory items in the survey. In addition, he does not have the right to choose additional tests without paying for them.

Even if the enterprise agrees to pay the costs, the employee has the full right to refuse those examinations that are not regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

As for cases where the employer is a private entrepreneur, most likely he will not pay for the inspection procedure. This is usually due to the fact that the standard list of studies is free.

A job applicant should remember that all additional tests must be paid for in full by the employer. The employer's refusal to enter into an agreement without undergoing optional studies is a direct violation of the Law.

Validity period and frequency

Validity periods for inspections vary. For example, a certificate is valid for half a year, and a medical book is valid for one year. Employee examinations are carried out at intervals from once every 6 months to once every 2 years, depending on the enterprise.

In addition, drivers must undergo a medical examination at the beginning of each shift.

• This inspection is called pre-trip inspection and all those who drive vehicles are required to undergo it. Individual entrepreneurs whose activities are related to transportation must also undergo a pre-trip inspection.

Category of persons who must undergo a medical examination

Some professions require only fluorography and a therapist’s conclusion based on a superficial collection of the patient’s medical history. But there are a number of job positions that can only be filled by people who have undergone a full examination. This category includes all those who work with children and food.

Childcare workers

Caregivers, nannies, teachers, and even technical staff of child care institutions must undergo a full medical examination , even if they do not have direct contact with children. This is due to the fact that children are at risk of various viral and respiratory diseases.

Transport workers

Public transport is a place where large crowds of people gather . Several thousand different people can travel in one minibus in a day. And, unfortunately, not all of them are healthy.

A medical examination of the driver or other service personnel ensures that he will not infect any passengers and that his health is strong enough to withstand constant exposure to microorganisms and viruses that spread through the air.

Catering workers

The fastest and surest way to infect a person with some kind of disease is to place bacteria on his mucous membrane. In this case, penetration and spread occurs almost instantly, and it is very difficult to stop this process.

It is for this reason that catering staff must undergo mandatory medical examinations. In addition, they include not only a standard list of tests and examinations, but also a conclusion from the tank laboratory about the absence of E. coli or other viruses that can be transmitted through tactile contact.

A person who does not have certificates and conclusions should not be allowed not only to prepare, but also to serve food.

Trade employees

Again, working with people requires special care, therefore, a medical examination, which includes a full check of the body (a laboratory test is not a mandatory criterion), must be carried out before going to work and beyond, within the time limits specified by law.

This segment includes both employees of the food industry and the seller of manufactured goods and services. Any contact with people is associated with a certain level of harm to health. Yes, in some areas it is lower, while in others it is off the charts.

Food industry

Employees of the food industry (absolutely everyone, from technical personnel to managers) undergo a full medical examination, including tests for hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, salmonellosis and other infectious diseases, examination by a dermatologist, gynecologist and surgeon (for women and men respectively).

Each employee is required to have a sanitary book with stamps from the sanitary station and bacteriological laboratory.

The employer has the right to allow a person to work only after a final medical examination and recording of all test results in the employee’s health book.

Waterworks

Workers of water utilities, pumping stations, and reservoirs bear a huge responsibility to water consumers. Therefore, admitting an employee without a medical examination is strictly prohibited and is a criminal offense.

A virus that gets into water can cause an epidemic in a matter of days, therefore, each employee is required to undergo a full examination and listen to a lecture at the station.

Responsibility of the employer when hiring an employee without examination

Each employer, hiring an employee for a position that requires a medical examination without one, bears individual responsibility. According to the legislation, administrative liability entails a fine of up to fifty thousand rubles.

If the driver does not undergo a medical examination before the trip, not only the legal entity faces a fine in the amount of:

• from 30 to 50 thousand,
• but also for the official himself from two to three thousand.

Why do you need a driver's medical examination?

Mandatory medical examination of drivers is enshrined in Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation 06/15/15 N 344n. The document certifies the driver’s professional suitability and the absence of medical contraindications to driving.

The results of the medical examination are transferred to the traffic police, where, after studying the data, the possibilities of issuing a driver's license or replacing a driver's license are confirmed or refuted.
Information! The right to undergo inspection remains with the citizen. Traffic police officers cannot require a medical examination for a driver's license in a certain clinic.

Cases when a medical certificate is not issued

Issuance is not possible in the absence of a complete package of documents, registration or recent complex operations. Also, the therapist will not issue a certificate if the citizen refuses to see even one of the doctors. Doctors determine unsuitability on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1604 of December 29, 2014. These are:

• mental disorders;
• substance abuse;
• pathological seizures, epilepsy;
• blindness in both eyes;
• lack of legs;
• improper functioning of the vestibular apparatus;
• impaired hearing;
• severe heart disease;
• mental retardation.

What certificate should be issued?

As a result of the medical examination, the therapist issues a medical report. However, this is not a simple certificate issued by a doctor. This is a document whose form is regulated at the legislative level.

It is allowed to issue two types of conclusions:

• 086/у;
• 001ГС/у.

Document 086/у

The conclusion on form 086/у is a document printed on A5 paper and filled out on both sides.

Remember! Such a conclusion must include the following information:

• name and number of paper;
• name of the clinic where the candidate was examined;
• Full name of the candidate for the position, his date of birth, place of registration, residence, contact telephone number;
• a list of diseases suffered by the candidate for the position;
• expert opinion with signature and date of the conclusion;
• information about undergoing instrumental research;
• test results;
• the therapist’s conclusion on the candidate’s suitability for the position;
• date of issue of the document.

The document on form 086/у must be filled out exclusively in black or dark blue ink. The paper is signed by the hospital's chief physician, therapist, and also the head of the medical commission.

The conclusion on passing a medical examination in form 086/у is drawn up in two copies. The first remains in the citizen’s medical record, the second is sent to the employer.

Medical certificate 001ГС/у

The conclusion on form 001ГС/у is practically no different from the previous document. It reflects information that the candidate for the position does not have diseases that prevent the employee from performing his job duties.

However, the difference between this certificate is that to obtain it you only need to see a psychiatrist-narcologist, as well as undergo primary tests.

The conclusion in form 001ГС/у is signed by the chief physician, therapist, and chairman of the medical commission.

What doctors do I need to see?

The new document has reduced the number of specialists for inspection. This applies to car drivers and motorcyclists. For them, in order to pass a medical examination for a driver's license, there is no need to go to an otolaryngologist, surgeon and neurologist. An EEG of the brain and a neurologist’s verdict are needed for a compelling reason. For such drivers, it is enough to be examined by a therapist, ophthalmologist, narcologist and psychiatrist.

For persons applying for category C and above, please contact:

• psychiatrist;
• narcologist;
• ophthalmologist;
• general practitioner;
• neurologist;
• Laura;
• undergo an EEG study;
• laboratory tests with the recommendation of a narcologist.