Parents with many children at work: rights, benefits, leave, dismissal

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Published: 07/29/2018

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Parents with many children are supported financially by the state in the form of benefits. Social policy also provides a wide range of guarantees and additional benefits for such families.

• Mother of many children from the point of view of legislation
• Labor benefits for mothers of many children
• Tax benefits
• Preferential medical coverage
• Benefits for paying for housing and communal services
• Providing a free site
• Educational benefits
• Transport benefits
• Financial support for large families

Mother of many children from the point of view of legislation

A mother of many children is a woman who has had a third child, while the eldest is under 18 years of age. A woman may have a third child in her current or previous marriage. A woman can also have many children after adopting or taking a third child under guardianship. Even if the family breaks up, a woman retains the status of having many children if she has at least three children.

It is worth noting that at the level of federal legislation the concept of a mother of many children has not been enshrined. Subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to determine their own criteria for large families.

In some regions with good fertility rates, the specified threshold of three children for obtaining the status of a large family has been increased. For example, in the Republic of Mari El a family is considered large only after the birth of 4 children.

The right to receive benefits for large families is lost only by those parents who were legally deprived of parental rights and the state took full custody of the children.

All benefits for large families can be divided into federal and regional. The list of federal benefits is very small, while at the regional level social support for large families can have an expansive interpretation.

In a number of Russian regions, in order to receive additional benefits and guarantees, you must first obtain a certificate for a mother of many children.

To obtain it, you need to contact the local social security department with a certain set of documents, including an application, a birth certificate for three children, a certificate from the passport office (which would confirm the fact that the children and mother live together), as well as a marriage certificate. The documents are accompanied by photographs in 3*4 format, one of which is subsequently pasted into the certificate of a mother of many children.

Federal benefits for large families in accordance with the decree “On measures of social support for large families” include:

1. Tax benefits.
2. Housing benefits.
3. Labor benefits.
4. Educational benefits.
5. Preferential medical care.
6. Free land plots.

A woman can enjoy these benefits until her eldest child reaches adulthood.

Let us consider in more detail the list of benefits for large families guaranteed by the state.

General provisions

The Russian government is doing its best to stimulate the birth rate in the country. As part of this program, a number of measures have been developed through which the demographic picture can be corrected. For this reason, large families belong to a special category of citizens who have special rights in a number of areas.

At the state level, the high physical and financial burden placed on mothers and fathers with many children is taken into account. Therefore, the law is trying in every possible way to improve their working and rest conditions, because many mothers are forced to work on an equal basis with their fathers to ensure the normal well-being of the family. The state provides assistance to such families in two forms:

1. Monetary. We are talking about all kinds of payments: subsidies, benefits, pensions and compensation.
2. Natural. These can be medicines, things, food, stationery, etc.

In addition, the state provides preferential working conditions that allow mothers of many children to work without harming their children. All types of benefits received by her are preserved.

Assistance measures provided to such families at the state level can be divided into two types:

• regional;
• federal

The concept of a large family is enshrined at the federal legislative level. However, the development of some measures to assist such families rests with the regional government. We are talking about determining the amount of benefits, benefits for people with many children at work, compensation and the provision of various services.

Labor benefits for mothers of many children

The Labor Code guarantees citizens with many children a number of benefits and advantages:

• employment assistance;
• free training in accordance with market demands (a mother of many children can receive training from the labor exchange in one of the professions that is in demand in a particular region of her residence);
• a ban on the dismissal of a single mother (in accordance with Part 4 of Article 261 of the Labor Code) at the initiative of the employer (except for cases of liquidation of an organization or individual entrepreneur);
• the right to receive additional annual leave in accordance with Art. 263 Labor Code of the Russian Federation;
• if a woman is raising 3 children under 16 years of age, then she can take 1 additional day off per week with payment in the amount of the average daily earnings;
• the possibility of dismissal without two weeks of work upon dismissal due to the need to care for children.

Art. 261 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation indicates that an employer does not have the right to dismiss a mother of many children on her own initiative only if she is the sole breadwinner in the family (in particular, has the status of a single mother), is raising 3 children under 14 years of age or a child under the age of 3 years.

In this case, it is possible to dismiss the mother for gross violation of labor discipline (in particular, for theft) or at her own request.

The period of additional leave is 14 days. At the request of the woman, it can be added to the main leave or implemented at any other time. But a woman acquires this right only if the corresponding clause is included in her employment or additional collective agreement.

According to Art. 93 According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to develop a flexible schedule for a woman who is raising a child under 14 years old (or a disabled child until he reaches 18 years old). This schedule may involve part-time work of 2.5 days per week or 2 days per week.

Additional support for a mother of many children can be provided by trade unions created on the basis of the organization. This assistance may consist of providing inexpensive trips to sanatoriums or gifts for the New Year.

Women who live in villages and have raised 5 or more children under 8 years of age receive the right to early retirement upon reaching 50 years of age.

FAQ

Question: Can a single mother raising four children be fired, given that the only source of income in the family is her salary.

Answer: No. The law prohibits dismissals under such conditions. A rare exception may be inappropriate and immoral behavior of such a woman at her workplace.

Question: In what cases can a mother of many children apply for a pension before the deadline established by law?

Answer: An interested citizen can receive a pension early only if she has more than five children, four of whom were raised before the age of eight, and fifteen years of work experience.

Tax benefits

Tax benefits for large families are reflected in the Tax Code. In particular, such a family has the right:

1. and compensation transferred from the state
2. To a reduced rate of land tax or complete exemption from it (this issue is resolved at the regional level).
3. The opportunity to receive an exemption from property and transport taxes (for one piece of real estate and one car).
4. For an increased amount of tax deduction for the third child (a deduction is an amount that reduces the tax base for personal income tax; its use increases the person’s net monthly income).
5. The possibility of free registration of individual entrepreneurs without paying state fees , as well as closing your business.
6. For property tax benefits when organizing a peasant farm or registering an individual entrepreneur.
7. The opportunity to receive government subsidies from the state to organize your business.

Single mothers are given an additional tax preference: they can receive double tax deductions (according to Article 218 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

So, for the first and second child the deduction amount is 2800 rubles, for the third – 6000 rubles. Starting from 2021, this benefit is provided to a woman until her earnings reach 350 thousand rubles. per year (her earnings must exceed 29 thousand rubles per month).

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Preferential medical coverage

In the medical field, additional privileges are provided for mothers of many children:

1. Preferential right to services in clinics and hospitals.
2. Free prescription medications for children under 6 years of age.
3. Free trips to health camps for frequently ill children.
4. The right to free medical care in addition to the standard list of compulsory medical insurance.

These guarantees apply only to state medical institutions.

Benefits for paying for housing and communal services

In order to reduce the burden on the family budget of a large family, the state has provided additional benefits for the payment of housing and communal services, as well as additional housing guarantees.

A mother of many children can receive up to 30% of the monthly cost of utilities in the form of subsidies (in some areas this figure has been increased to 50%), and also has the right to apply for housing under the social rental program.

The right to social housing is granted to a woman with many children if the average per capita income in the family does not reach the subsistence level.

An agreement for the allocation of an apartment under a social tenancy agreement can be concluded if the family, in accordance with the established procedure, was recognized as in need of improved housing conditions . This status is granted to families who do not own their own real estate or the norm for square meters per person exceeds the actual situation of family members.

If a woman has a third child after the beginning of 2021, she can apply for a preferential mortgage. The loan rate will be 6% for the first five years, the remainder will be subsidized by the state. The down payment can be made from maternity capital funds.

Additional benefits for paying for housing and communal services may be established by regions. They can introduce preferential rates for paying for electricity, water, gas, heating, etc.

If a family lives in a rural area, then the state covers its expenses for the purchase of coal and firewood (in the absence of central heating). This compensation began to apply in 2021.

.Severance pay

Severance pay issued to mothers raising more than two children can be issued on a general basis. So, in the event of dismissal from a previous place of work, such a privilege is subject to accrual on the last working day and only if the employee is laid off. Severance pay is paid in the amount of one month's salary for two months. If during the specified period of time a mother of many children is listed as unemployed at the employment center, then the average salary must be compensated by the former manager for another (third) month.

Important! Mothers who have more than two minors in their care are the last to be subject to the reduction procedure.

Providing a free site

Large families have the right to expect to receive ownership of a plot of land from the state for organizing peasant farms or individual housing construction.

Subject to the intended use of a plot of land or the construction of a house there within 5 years, the plot can be re-registered from a free lease to ownership.

Land plots are allocated at the municipal level. It is here that the size of the plots and the regulations for their provision to mothers with many children are determined.

In a number of regions, you can additionally count on receiving preferential loans for the purchase of building materials.

As conceived by legislators, this program for the allocation of land plots was supposed to help solve the pressing housing issue. In practice, its implementation faces a number of difficulties: in many regions there is not a sufficient amount of free land. Plots are often allocated in areas without central communications, which makes them unclaimed due to the high cost of construction.

Educational benefits

Raising three or more children in a family makes the issue of getting an education particularly relevant. In this sense, the state guarantees mothers the following types of support:

1. Preferential queue for kindergarten.
2. Compensation for the cost of kindergarten: for the first child up to 20% is returned, for the second – up to 50%, for the third – up to 70%.
3. Free visits to museums once a month , as well as other cultural and entertainment institutions: zoos, theaters, exhibitions, etc.
4. Preferential free provision of meals in school canteens (or in universities up to 18 years of age).
5. Assistance in the provision of school and sports uniforms (for example, in St. Petersburg, funds are allocated for the purchase of uniforms for children on a card).
6. Benefits when paying for additional education for children: art and music school up to 50% of the monthly fee.

In addition, for single mothers, regional laws may provide for free sets of linen for newborns, preferential meals at an organized dairy kitchen for up to 2 years, and a free massage at a clinic.

In 2008, in Moscow, mothers with many children received the right to organize a mini-garden in their apartment. They can be created in families raising three or more children aged 2 months or older. up to 7 years. Such a mini-kindergarten is equal in status to a regular one; it is attached to one of the preschool educational institutions. He, in turn, supervises his work, hires a young mother of many children as a teacher, and provides her with comprehensive methodological assistance.

After receiving the position of a teacher, a mother of many children accumulates teaching experience (the corresponding mark is entered in the work book). She is paid a salary of up to 10 thousand rubles. Each raised child can receive 75-88 rubles. daily for food, which are paid from the Moscow budget.

If desired, a woman can receive additional education in a pedagogical profile through courses at the Moscow Institute of Open Education.

Single mothers

A separate category of parents with many children includes a single mother. Mothers with this status are offered a wide range of work preferences, namely:

It should be noted that for a woman raising many children, it is quite difficult to find a reason for dismissal, but still there are:

Transport benefits

Among the benefits when paying for travel on transport are:

1. Possibility of free use of city public transport (in certain regions of the Russian Federation and intercity).
2. Repayment by the state of half the cost of tickets for commuter buses and trains.
3. Exemption from payment of transport tax on a car (at the discretion of the regions).
4. Preferential travel to and from the place of treatment.