Safety precautions at the enterprise: rules for ensuring worker safety

Occupational Health and Safety – the importance of this area of ​​personnel management

The security sphere of workers is enshrined at the legislative level and is controlled by municipal authorized bodies. Each company, even with a small number of employees, must have a set of measures to prevent emergencies, as well as carry out all the required measures to facilitate forecasting, timely identification of problems, as well as elimination of breakdowns and other situations in a short time.

Safety in the organization

Let us turn to the regulations that control the activities of enterprises. They indicate that the manager (according to the hierarchical system, responsibility extends with increasing degrees from the shift supervisor to the main management) is obliged to make decisions related to safety.

In companies where the number of employees exceeds 50 people, it is necessary to introduce the position of an occupational safety manager or an entire department. In practice, powers are often imposed on older personnel with additional obligations.

There is a third option - order outsourcing services, that is, invite a third-party specialist to carry out planned activities and solve unscheduled problems. The last proposed method has a number of advantages:

• A professional is savvy in knowledge of occupational health and safety standards, has active work experience and specialized education. At an affordable price you get a highly qualified employee.
• This is a freelance position, management avoids additional paperwork.
• Significant budget savings occur.

Types and organization of instruction

Safety training at the workplace can be:

• introductory, dedicated to the general rules of safe behavior;
• primary, giving the employee the most complete understanding of all aspects of safe work and the procedure for action in case of dangerous situations, without which the employee is not allowed to work;
• repeated, carried out every six months with the aim of periodically repeating the information received during the initial briefing;
• unscheduled, the need for which arises in dangerous situations;
• targeted, when new equipment or technologies appear that require additional rules of conduct when working with them, or new requirements for safe behavior.

Introductory briefing can be carried out separately by a labor protection engineer, or can be combined with the initial one. Primary and all other types of instruction are carried out by the employee’s immediate supervisor, who has undergone special training for this purpose. Instruction can be either individual or group.

All employees are subject to the initial briefing procedure:

• newly hired;
• transferred to a new location;
• hired temporarily: temporary (seasonal) workers, business travelers, trainees;
• part-time workers and homeworkers.

By decision of the employer, employees in certain positions that do not require the use of technical devices may be exempt from initial training.

Initial, repeated and unscheduled briefings for employees occupying the same positions are carried out according to the same program developed by the employer specifically for them. Accordingly, the program may be different for other positions. That is, one employer may have several training programs.

You can find ready-made samples of training programs for various specialties, jobs, positions in ConsultantPlus. Get free trial access and proceed, for example, to a sample loading and unloading training program. Or find a sample that is needed specifically for your specific activity.

At the end of the briefing, the employee is introduced to the safety instructions and his knowledge is tested.

Read more about the procedure for conducting the briefing in the article “How to conduct a safety briefing (nuances)?”

General concepts

While working in the workplace, possible situations arise during which an employee may suffer injury or other harm to health. The danger is not always realized, but the elementary rules cannot be ignored. The employee himself is obliged to comply with personal protection requirements, and management must provide him with everything necessary for this.

The occupational safety service performs two functions - it monitors the implementation of necessary measures by employees, and also solves problems that arise. When inviting a specialist from a third-party company, he will draw up a list of comments that need to be corrected - this is a valuable contribution to the company’s activities. After all, if a worker is injured at work, then all responsibility, including financial, and in some cases criminal, falls on the management team.

So, let's figure out what occupational health and safety is. First of all, we should cite the generally accepted abbreviations – OSH and TB. What areas does this area of ​​activity cover:

• workers' rights;
• social security;
• sanitary and hygienic standards;
• Labour Organization;
• prevention of diseases and, if they occur, treatment.

The enterprise carries out TB measures. Their composition depends on the size of the plant, as well as the direction. For example, the chemical or oil refining industries are more dangerous than the textile or food industries. Their specifics are completely different, and therefore the protective measures are too.

Planning of occupational safety measures

Before starting to prepare a program, its goals and audience are determined, and the desired results are indicated. Based on the goals, ways to achieve them are selected, instructions are given to employees, and commissions are created. The commission must include those specialists whose activities are inextricably linked with the need to implement certain measures.

The effectiveness of measures depends on the time of their implementation, proper determination of the accounting procedure, and the necessary preventive actions. You must first competently justify the required technical equipment of the measures planned for implementation, their personnel and financial support, and only then can work begin. The occupational safety action plan specifies the type of activity. There are sanitary, organizational, technical and so-called “individual” measures.

What does occupational health and safety include in an enterprise?

Managers within the security sector set themselves (or the responsible person) the following tasks:

• compliance with safety when working with electrical appliances and power lines, namely their serviceability, insulation, emergency shutdown systems in the event of a short circuit, etc.;
• creating conditions for individual and general protection from fire - special clothing, an evacuation plan, fire extinguishing means, conducting lectures on rules of conduct, etc.;
• monitoring the serviceability of operating equipment, timely repairs and inspections;
• compliance with the requirements for sanitary and hygienic treatment of common areas - toilets and showers, utility rooms, locker rooms;
• protection from increased noise (sound insulation), dust, chemicals and other impacts on humans;
• temperature control;
• insurance for high-rise and underground work.

A more detailed and specific list of measures must be developed individually, depending on the risks associated with the specifics of production.

From an organizational point of view, TB and labor protection at an enterprise includes several areas:

• Training (lectures, knowledge testing) of all personnel. Instructions are carried out for all levels of employees, as well as for temporarily recruited workers.
• Attention to medical condition. For these purposes, routine medical examinations are carried out, and a physician is always present on site to provide first aid. This category includes the issuance of vacation vouchers, bonuses for harmfulness and other bonuses.
• Monitoring the provision of management positions with all technical and personal protective equipment and compliance with safety and health regulations by employees.

Labor protection system

Rules and standards for occupational safety at an enterprise include the formation of a health and safety management system in the company (Article 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). The occupational safety system at an enterprise is a set of actions aimed at preserving the life and health of workers. Occupational safety management at the enterprise is carried out by the director. Some powers in this area are usually delegated to an occupational safety specialist. In workshops and departments, these duties are performed by department heads. The effectiveness of the occupational safety management system depends on a clear delineation of responsibilities and rights regarding labor protection. For this purpose, the enterprise develops and approves the OSH Regulations. It fixes the management structure, subordination, rights and responsibilities of officials in resolving issues related to security.

The organization of an occupational safety service at an enterprise or the presence of a specialist in the field of occupational safety is a mandatory rule for an organization of more than 50 people (Article 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). In small firms, occupational safety and health may be the responsibility of any trained employee (provided they meet a professional standard in this area) or the employer.

Read more: Professional standard for occupational safety specialists

The main task of the labor protection service is to ensure labor safety at the enterprise. She monitors the rules and conditions of employment of employees, monitors the serviceability of equipment, conducts investigations of industrial accidents and trains personnel.

In addition, the company will need to create the following LNA on labor protection issues:

• regulations on labor protection;
• rules for conducting safety briefings;
• OT instructions and rules. They are developed based on the positions of the workers. A separate section on occupational safety is required for all work performed at the enterprise (the development of papers falls on the shoulders of department heads, and safety specialists provide them with all possible support).

For the purpose of cooperation between the employer and employees, a joint labor protection committee may be created at enterprises (Article 218 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). It includes representatives of the employer, trade union, etc. Committee members act on a voluntary basis, without release from their main work. This makes it possible to combine the efforts of the parties to comply with labor protection requirements, ensure increased labor safety at the enterprise, prevent injuries and record cases of occupational diseases, etc.

Certification of enterprises for occupational safety

Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that the fulfillment of obligations regarding labor protection and safety at the enterprise lies with the employer. The same article mentions SOUTH and certification of the organization of work on occupational safety, which also includes occupational safety in public catering establishments.

Organizes and manages the certification of the organization of work on occupational safety by the central body of the SSOT - the All-Russian Center for Labor Safety. Currently, HSSE at enterprises and organizations is not a mandatory procedure, but, as a rule, is carried out on a voluntary basis in order to comply with both international requirements (ISO OHSAS 18002) and the requirements of national standards (GOST 12.0.230-2007). A document certifying compliance with state regulatory requirements at an occupational safety enterprise is called a safety certificate.

Mandatory certification of workplaces has also been replaced by mandatory SOUT since 2014. It must be carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 426-FZ dated December 28, 2013.

Only organizations that have received an accreditation certificate have the right to carry out it. During the SOUT, identification of workplaces and measurements of environmental parameters are carried out. For each workplace, a map is drawn up with characteristics of working conditions. Based on the results of the work, a report is prepared, a copy of which is submitted to the labor inspectorate at the location of the organization. The data remains valid for five years, after which re-evaluation is required.

Why you need to follow safety precautions in the workplace

Compliance with the rules is necessary for everyone - both the worker and management. Due to the complexity and danger of the production cycle, careless treatment of TB can result in the following negative consequences:

• Mechanical injury - bruises, cuts, fractures.
• Inhalation of chemical vapors and dust, leading to deterioration of the respiratory system and poisoning.
• Fire, short circuit, and equipment failure due to negligence occur in most cases due to ignorance of the rules.

There are no less reasons for the employer:

• liability before the law - until deprivation of liberty and termination of the enterprise;
• material costs, compensation for what happened during the labor process of an emergency;
• damage to property, serious losses.

Occupational safety during operation of technological equipment

Carrying out safety procedures at a plant equipment includes primarily electrical safety. Persons who have been trained in electrical safety and familiarized with safety precautions at the enterprise are allowed to operate electrical equipment.

All mechanisms associated with electricity must be grounded, that is, the housing must be connected by separate metal wires to a ground electrode, which is buried deep in the ground. This measure is necessary to protect workers in the event of a breakdown of the conductor insulation on the housing. Thanks to this, the current does not flow through the human body, but through the ground electrode. In front of electrical panels, switches, and line switches there should be an inscription: “High voltage - dangerous to life.” Three-phase and single-phase sockets must be labeled in large letters indicating the voltage value suitable for it, for example, 220V, 380V. It should be remembered that the danger of electric shock increases with humid air, so one of the electrical safety measures is to ventilate the room in order to reduce sweating of the walls and the mechanism body

Activities to familiarize yourself with TB and OSH at work

The service or a separate authorized personnel carries out the following actions:

• develops rules;
• trains staff;
• monitors the implementation of recommendations.

Training includes briefings, which are divided into planned and unscheduled - in unforeseen situations. There is also a program built on longer sessions. Upon completion, each student is required to pass an exam and meet all work standards. If he does not do this, he is not allowed to enter the workplace.

Accident Prevention

The condition of unplannedness in the definition of an accident turns out to be quite obvious. The act of a worker specifically inflicting bodily harm on himself will not be considered an industrial accident, but will be a criminal offense.

According to GOST 12.0.002-80, an accident is considered only as a result of an employee’s exposure to a hazardous production factor. But you may not agree with this, since a dangerous situation in the workplace can arise even in the absence of danger. To avoid accidents at work, the following points must be followed:

1. error accounting.
   To do this, each industrial accident is carefully analyzed according to several criteria: a) the exact time and location of the accident; b) the nature of the work and the number of performers; c) the identity of the victim; d) the nature of the accident and its causes; e) consequences of the accident, damage to the enterprise and people;
2. changing the design of the workplace.
   This includes: a) equipping machines that are potentially dangerous to humans with special protective devices; b) maintaining cleanliness in the premises; c) adequate lighting of dangerous places; d) comfortable temperature; e) convenient location and coloring of personal protective equipment;
3. arrangement of levers and devices adequate to the worker’s strength;
4. training of personnel in safe working methods, information on the location of personal protective equipment, methods of using these equipment;
5. promotion of safety rules through booklets, posters, signs, competitions and training at the enterprise on safety rules.

Who is responsible for worker safety?

First of all, the employee himself is responsible for fulfilling all requirements. If the accident occurred through the fault of a co-worker himself and the fact of non-compliance with the requirements is proven, then during the investigation the percentage of blame will be assigned to him. However, in most cases, even if the worker is proven completely wrong, only 25% is allocated to him, and the rest to management.

For the rest, responsibility lies with the immediate supervisor, who is obliged to monitor the equipment of the workplace, provide instructions, and also monitor the implementation of orders.

Fire safety technology

General safety precautions at an enterprise include fire safety measures to prevent fires, as well as the procedure for extinguishing open fires. According to fire hazard qualifications, all buildings are divided into 5 categories: A, B, C, D, D. Catering establishments, except warehouses, belong to category “G”. So - how non-combustible substances, that is, products, are processed indoors. Space in attics or basements must be kept clean and free of clutter behind boxes and drawers. It is prohibited to set up archives or warehouses for storing things or materials in the attic; it is also prohibited to dry clothes there and tie television antennas to chimneys. It is prohibited to use flammable materials for insulation: sawdust, peat or other flammable materials. It is prohibited to arrange warehouses in basements for storing flammable combustible liquids, oils, solvents, etc. To ensure compliance with these requirements, special commissions are created that monitor safety measures at the enterprise

What is the OT service responsible for?

Basically, the task of an authorized specialist is to develop a plan, instructions, and also monitor the completion of the training. The proof is usually a document with the signatures of each participant listening to the lecture.

In addition, the person responsible for occupational safety technology advises management. makes recommendations and also participates in internal investigations and helps determine the cause of negligence and accidents.

Instructions from safety service specialists

If a violation is detected, the professional draws up a paper that describes a detailed list of requirements. Simply put, it indicates what needs to be fixed and within what time frame. The document is signed by the manager and given to an authorized person, for example, a senior engineer. Filling out such a form is done with reference to regulations, specific clauses, that is, in accordance with the law.

The second task is to monitor compliance with the instructions.

Main tasks of the OT service

The main functions and tasks solved by the OT service are specified in paragraphs. 2 and 3 Recommendations..., approved. Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation No. 14 dated 02/08/2000 (as amended on 02/12/2014):

• carries out preventive measures to prevent tragic incidents, monitors compliance with the proper level of safety and conditions in the workplace;
• monitors compliance by employees with the requirements of legislation relating to occupational safety;
• provides consultations to employees on occupational safety issues;
• promotes the introduction of best practices in production to ensure safe working conditions, etc.

Responsibility for violation of safety rules

In the event of an emergency, an internal investigation is carried out. if serious harm to health or property was caused, much less death, or disagreement with the results was established, then law enforcement agencies will investigate the incident.

Responsible parties (usually identified to varying degrees - employee, occupational safety specialist, manager) may receive varying degrees of punishment. From disciplinary action (usually applied to the average worker) to a criminal offense when found to have caused serious harm with intent.

The standard scenario is the imposition of a fine (administrative liability) and compensation for damage caused, as well as removal from office - temporary or dismissal, reprimand, etc.

Why do you need instruction?

In almost any workplace, an employee may encounter factors that pose a danger to his health or a threat to the safety of property provided to him by the employer.
In emergency situations, there may be a danger to the life of an employee. To reduce the negative impact of production factors and the likelihood of dangerous situations occurring, each employee is familiarized with safety rules in the workplace. As a result, he gets an idea of:

• the nature of the enterprise’s activities, the role of its workplace, equipment and materials used in it;
• factors that may pose danger or harm at this location;
• rules of behavior on the employer’s territory and a specific workplace;
• principles of safe operation on existing equipment;
• the procedure for preparing the workplace for work and the rules for its completion;
• use of personal protective equipment;
• measures to prevent fires and accidents;
• behavior in case of danger or accident;
• methods of providing first aid to victims.

For information about what factors may pose danger or harm, read the article “Dangerous and harmful production factors (list).”

It is assumed that as a result of the training, the employee acquires all the necessary knowledge about the rules of conduct in the workplace and becomes responsible for the consequences of violating these rules. Since compliance with safety regulations is one of the duties of an employee (Article 214 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and relates to labor discipline (Article 189 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), for its violation he can be punished by the employer by issuing a reprimand or reprimand, and if there is intent in the actions , creating a threat or causing serious consequences - dismissed (Article 192 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

If failure to comply with safety regulations led to material losses for the employer, then at the same time as disciplinary action, the employee can be held financially liable (Article 248 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). And in cases of serious consequences for the health or life of people, criminal liability is possible under Art. 143, 216, 217, 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which, depending on the severity of these consequences, varies from a fine to imprisonment.

Can a HSE engineer work part-time?

Yes, despite the fact that the duties require constant monitoring, the service employee has every right to claim several hours of work, if at the same time he completely, in full and within the established time frame, performs the tasks assigned to him.

In addition, he can claim benefits and compensation for the harmful effects of production, since although he does not work in the workshop, he spends some time there as part of his duty.

Occupational safety in catering

compliance with safety regulations at the enterprise is directly related to equipment that has reciprocating moving or rotating movements of working parts; such mechanisms must have fences with warning signs, an alarm system and door locks. Before starting the equipment, you must make sure that the working chamber is empty, the working body or moving parts are free, and there are no foreign objects. it is necessary to inspect the place in front of the mechanism, there should be no foreign objects there, put the overalls in order, paying attention to the hanging parts. Check the serviceability of the electrical wiring, starting equipment, reliable connection of the replaceable parts of the machine; before starting, you must turn on the machine at idle speed and make sure that all mechanisms are functioning clearly and correctly. Only workers who have been familiarized with safety precautions at scientific centers are allowed to access the mechanisms. The organization of safety precautions at an enterprise is a very important element in the functioning of the entire mechanism. People, feeling safe, perform the necessary actions much faster and better. It is not without reason that control over the organization of safety precautions at an enterprise is carried out by the Federal Labor Inspectorate.

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