Fire safety briefings: types and timing

Types of occupational safety briefings

In accordance with Art. 225 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, all employees (including heads of organizations and individual entrepreneurs) are required to undergo occupational safety training and knowledge testing. Training for ordinary employees is carried out in the form of briefings.

Briefing is a training procedure that addresses safety issues in the organization, as well as at each workplace. Completing it will allow the employee to remember the dangers that he may encounter during work and their consequences. A knowledge test at the end of training reinforces the material covered. Ideally, a trained worker should use the equipment correctly, not violate labor safety requirements, and follow the rules of technical safety regulations.

The conditions for conducting, the list of existing occupational safety briefings and their contents are listed in the “Procedure for OSH training...”, approved. joint Resolution of the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated January 13, 2003 No. 1/29, as well as GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT. As stated in Art. 212, persons who have not completed training, internship (from 2 to 14 shifts) and knowledge testing are not allowed to work.

Therefore, we will consider in more detail what types of occupational safety briefings there are and in what cases they are carried out.

Introductory

Introductory training on occupational safety is carried out on the first day of work:

• with all persons hired;
• with employees seconded to the organization;
• with workers of third-party organizations performing work on the territory of the enterprise;
• with trainees, etc.

Conducting introductory briefings on occupational safety is the responsibility of an occupational safety specialist or an employee appointed by decree of the manager.

During it, workers study:

• main provisions of legislation relating to occupational safety;
• rules of conduct at work;
• PPE;
• information about emergency situations in the company or similar enterprises;
• procedure for admission to independent work, etc.

What types of occupational safety training are carried out besides those we discussed above? These are primary workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted briefings. These types of safety and labor protection briefings are carried out by the worker’s immediate supervisor, who has undergone occupational safety training and knowledge testing.

Primary

Initial instruction on occupational safety in the workplace is carried out by the head of the unit or, on his instructions, by the foreman.

It is carried out before independent work:

• with all the newcomers;
• seasonal workers;
• with employees with whom a fixed-term contract has been concluded for a period of up to 2 months;
• with displaced or transferred employees;
• with posted workers;
• with interns;
• with persons who are entrusted with performing work that is new to them, etc.

Persons whose work is not associated with danger may be exempt from this type of instruction.

The training program includes:

• general familiarization with the technological process at the work site;
• familiarization with the equipment;
• procedure for preparing for work;
• PPE requirements;
• cases of industrial injuries and their causes;
• safety requirements when working with electrical equipment and lighting devices;
• first aid measures;
• liability for violation of OT rules.

Induction and initial training at the workplace are carried out according to specially developed and approved programs by the employer.

Repeated

The goal is to consolidate previously acquired knowledge. Conducted according to initial training programs at the workplace.

All employees specified in the previous paragraph undergo repeated training on occupational safety. It is carried out at least once every 6 months. For workers servicing high-risk equipment, it is carried out at least once every 3 months. Workers whose activities do not involve danger may be exempt from this activity. But in order to document this, the boss is obliged to issue a corresponding order.

Unscheduled

Unscheduled safety training is required:

• upon the introduction of new or amended standards containing occupational safety requirements, as well as instructions on occupational safety;
• when changing technological processes, replacing or upgrading equipment and other factors affecting labor safety;
• in case of violation of labor safety requirements by workers, if this caused an accident or accident;
• at the request of regulatory authorities;
• during breaks in work. For work with harmful and (or) dangerous conditions - more than 30 calendar days, and for others - more than 2 months;
• at the discretion of the employer.

Target

It is carried out for certain tasks:

• when performing one-time work;
• when eliminating the consequences of accidents, emergencies;
• when performing work for which a permit or permit is issued;
• when holding mass events at the enterprise.

So, we have reviewed the list of existing occupational safety instructions. The fact that an employee has undergone one or another instruction is recorded in special journals and confirmed by the signatures of the instructor and the person being instructed.

Each type of training ends with testing the employee’s knowledge and skills in safe working methods. The instructor checks your knowledge. Persons who show unsatisfactory test results are not allowed to work independently and are required to undergo training again.

Providing personal protective equipment

The general procedure for providing employees working in harmful and dangerous working conditions with PPE is established by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated June 1, 2009 No. 290n (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated January 12, 2015 No. 2n).

If the specific professions and positions of your organization are not mentioned in the standard standards, you need to use the standard standards for workers of cross-cutting professions and positions in all sectors of the economy, and in the absence of professions and positions in these standard standards - the standard standards for workers whose professions are typical for the work performed .

These are standard standards approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated June 18, 2010 No. 454n. And in the absence of professions and positions in the above-mentioned standard standards, it is necessary to apply the Model standards approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated December 9, 2014 No. 997n (letter of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated March 16, 2021 No. 15-2 / OOG-1049).

The employer must maintain personalized records of the issuance of personal protective equipment to employees; This can also be done electronically.

It is necessary to familiarize the employee with the rules and standard standards for the provision of personal protective equipment during induction training (previously this was done when concluding an employment contract).

Managers and specialists who periodically visit production facilities should be provided with personal protective equipment while visiting hazardous facilities.

And third-party specialists must arrive at hazardous production with their own personal protective equipment.

Fire safety briefings

Now let's talk about fire safety training.

In accordance with Articles 25 and 37 of the Federal Law No. 69-FZ dated December 21, 1994 (as amended on July 29, 2018), employers are required to train their workers in fire safety measures. Persons who have not completed such training should not be allowed to work.

To train employees in fire safety measures, you need to:

• conduct fire safety briefings (introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted);
• organize their passage of PTM.

Occupational safety and fire safety training familiarizes workers with:

• with the rules for the proper maintenance of the territory, buildings, and premises in them, including evacuation routes, water supply, fire alarm systems, as well as the process of evacuating people;
• fire safety requirements based on the specific fire hazard of technological processes in the organization;
• safety measures during equipment operation and fire hazardous work;
• rules for the use of open flame during hot work;
• responsibilities of employees in case of fire: rules for calling the fire department, using fire extinguishing equipment and fire automatics.

Let's consider the types of fire safety instructions.

Introductory

Introductory training on labor protection and fire safety is carried out:

• with all newly hired employees;
• with employees seconded to the organization;
• with persons arriving for practical training or training;
• with other categories at the discretion of the employer.

It is carried out by a manager or employee appointed by order of the employer as the person responsible for industrial safety. The lesson is organized according to the program approved by the relevant order. Introductory instruction is carried out in the OT office according to a program approved by the employer using modern technical training tools and visual aids.

Primary

Initial instruction is carried out:

• with all the newcomers;
• with employees transferred from one unit to another;
• with persons performing new work for them;
• with construction workers and installers working on the territory of the organization.

It is carried out by a specialist appointed by order of the manager to be responsible for industrial safety, according to approved programs.

Classes are conducted individually with each employee. The employee is explained how to use primary fire extinguishing equipment, how to act in the event of a fire, and the rules for evacuation and first aid.

In some cases, group lessons are also possible.

Repeated

Repeated instruction is carried out by the supervisor or the person responsible for fire safety at the enterprise. The frequency is once a year, and for employees of organizations with fire-hazardous production – once every 6 months.

It is carried out with the aim of repeating material covered by the employee previously.

Unscheduled

Carried out when:

• introduction of new, changes to previous standards, instructions on industrial safety, etc.;
• changes in factors affecting the fire safety condition of the facility;
• if there was a violation by employees of fire safety rules, which led to a fire;
• if information has been received about fires that occurred in other similar industries;
• during breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days (6 days for work with additional requirements for industrial safety), etc.

The content of the event depends on the circumstances that led to its holding. It is carried out by a person appointed by order of the manager to be responsible for industrial safety in the organization.

Target

It is necessary when:

• performing one-time work with increased fire hazard;
• liquidation of consequences of emergencies, accidents, etc.;
• carrying out work with the issuance of a work permit, hot work in explosive industries;
• organizing mass events with fifty or more participants.

To record the conduct of briefings, organizations must keep logs of the conduct of safety briefings. The corresponding entries are made there, signed by the person being instructed and the person instructing.

Before entering someone's office, you must knock

A person’s office is his personal space. You shouldn’t violate someone’s boundaries by simply bursting into them. A knock on the door is a signal that the door will now open and someone will enter. A person has a few seconds to interrupt work activity, tune in and pay attention to what is incoming.

You should never enter unannounced. If we are talking about work activity, then no one has absolutely no right to interrupt someone’s work by casually appearing, because a person at a particular moment is performing his functions that were entrusted to him. It is important to respect other people's space and privacy.

If the door to the office is open (but it is clear that the person is immersed in work), you should warn about your arrival. To do this, you just need to knock quietly on the doorway.

Electrical safety instructions (ES)

According to the “Rules on labor protection during the operation of electrical installations”, approved. By Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n, it is also necessary for workers to be instructed in electrical safety.

The implementation of the event is entrusted to a specialist who belongs to electrical engineering personnel and has at least group III in electrical safety (up to 1000 V). If there is no such worker at the enterprise, the lesson can be conducted by a manager who has previously completed training and received Group III in ES.

Briefings are of the following types: introductory, primary, repeated, unscheduled, targeted.

It is known that personnel can be divided into two types:

• non-electrical;
• electrotechnical.

To understand how to carry out instruction in electronic safety, it is necessary to determine what type of specialists can be classified as. This will determine which program the training should take place and, as a result, the assigned ES group.

The list of groups and their description is contained in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules..., approved. By Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n. You can also see Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated January 13, 2003 No. 6.

Upon completion of the lesson, the “Registration of Electrical Safety Instruction” log is filled out. It can be conducted using the form given in Appendix No. 5 to the Rules.

How to draw up a Regulation on briefings

Instruction rules, types and tasks of occupational safety briefings and methods of training workers in safe work practices are enshrined in the Regulations on the procedure for conducting occupational safety briefings.

A draft of this Regulation is being developed by the heads of the enterprise departments together with labor protection engineers. The finished project is agreed upon with the employer. After approval, it is put into effect by order of the chief. All employees of the organization must be familiarized with the completed Regulations.

Medical kits

The employer must provide psychological relief rooms and rest rooms during working hours. Production premises must be equipped with medical first aid kits (Article 223 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The composition of the first aid kit is the same for all employers throughout the Russian Federation (established by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated March 5, 2011 No. 169n).

The list includes: a bandage, a bactericidal adhesive plaster, a device for artificial respiration, a hemostatic tourniquet, sterile gloves and masks, a life blanket, etc.

Chief's responsibility

What is the liability for failure to instruct workers or for allowing an untrained employee to work:

• for officials and individual entrepreneurs - an administrative fine in the amount of 15,000 to 25,000 rubles;
• the legal entity will have to pay a fine of 110,000 rubles. up to 130,000 rub. (Part 3 of Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Criminal liability arises if failure to instruct and allow an untrained employee to work negligently resulted in serious harm to health or the death of a person or several people. More details in Art. 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.