What are the sanitary standards in workplaces in connection with coronavirus?

Legislative regulation of the issue

The latest regulatory act in this area is SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace” (approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2021 No. 81).
The purpose of the rules is to prevent diseases or deviations in the health status of employees , the root cause of which is the unfavorable environment of the office premises.

The conditions for office employees have also been standardized, whose work, taking into account the total energy consumption of the body due to the nature of the activity (up to 139 W), is classified as work category Ia (Appendix 1 to SanPiN, Table A 1.1).

Directly devoted to the temperature regime in workplaces, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises” (approved by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 1996 No. 21).

Basic conditions

We indicated above what the normal room temperature is.
Is this the answer to the question at what temperature can you work in a room? Yes, but with certain reservations. Of course, the temperature for the workroom is not specified in the Labor Code. However, it is noted that the employer is obliged to ensure safety and working conditions that comply with state regulatory requirements for labor protection (Part 2 of Article 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). And the standards established by SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 are one of the mandatory rules. Appendix 3 to SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 indicates the duration of work when the air temperature in the workplace is above or below permissible values. This is what the employer should focus on. For example, at a workplace temperature of 28 °C, the time spent in the office cannot exceed 8 hours. What if the room temperature is above 28 degrees?

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23. Useful links on the topic “Legal advice on labor law”

From the beginning of 2021, new sanitary and hygienic requirements for production premises have come into force. They were approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor by his Resolution No. 81 on June 21 last year. The updated SanPiN standards put forward requirements for:

• Microclimate;
• Noise and vibration levels;
• Exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields.

These norms are marginally possible indicators of factors. Compliance with the requirements for production premises can protect employees who are at the workplace eight hours a day (forty hours a week) from the development of pathologies or occupational diseases associated with the specific performance of work duties.

To make the work of office staff more efficient, the employer needs to create comfortable working conditions. But the concept of comfort is subjective - each employee may have his own idea of ​​​​comfortable working conditions, it all depends on individual preferences, and this fully applies to temperature conditions.

In fact, the concept of “comfort” is not used in regulations and official documents. Therefore, the employer is not obliged to conduct surveys among workers to find out what air temperature they give their consent to. In professional vocabulary the term “optimal conditions” is used. The optimal air temperature in an office space was determined through many complex physiological studies and calculations, taking into account the average human needs. And the employer can only comply with the developed standards given in regulatory documents.

Seasonal sanitary standards

There is no division into summer, winter and off-season spring and autumn in sanitary norms and rules.

Climatic periods are defined as:

• cold , when the average daily outside air temperature is +10°C and below;
• warm - the average is above +10°C.

The optimal recommended microclimate for offices with an 8-hour working day is as follows:

• cold period of the year: +22-24оС at surface temperature +21-25оС;
• warm period of the year: +23-25оС at surface temperature +22-26оС.

For employees who spend their entire working time indoors, it is permissible to deviate from the norm:

• temperature deviation by 1-2°C;
• temperature fluctuations during the working day – no more than 3-4°C.

Thus, if the maximum temperature in the office workplace is +28 degrees C (minimum +20 C) according to SanPiN, there is no reason to reduce working hours, but if the air temperature in the office space is higher or lower than the standard, for example, it exceeds 30 degrees, then changes should be made to the work schedule.

What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?

Providing comfortable working conditions is entirely the responsibility of the employer. According to Article 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, he can demand fulfillment of the hourly production standard only if normal working conditions have been created in the production or office premises. If the temperature regime is violated, the employer must take immediate measures to eliminate this violation.

If your employer ignores the requirements established by labor legislation, you must contact the territorial sanitary and epidemiological service. If the violation is confirmed, the company may be fined from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

Providing comfortable conditions in the workplace is the responsibility of the employer, and not a gesture of his good will. Only by creating proper working conditions, the employer has the right to require employees to work according to the schedule. This rule is enshrined in Article 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If the norms stipulated by sanitary rules are violated, the employer takes immediate measures to eliminate them.

An employee has the right to apply to the State Labor Inspectorate for the protection of his rights.

The sanitary and epidemiological service can inspect the enterprise upon a complaint from any worker. If violations are detected, a fine is imposed (from ten to twenty thousand rubles).

This question can be answered by Article 212, according to which the employer will be held administratively liable for sanitary work not carried out on time.

The list of these measures also includes compliance with the temperature regime established by Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), since too low or, on the contrary, high temperature can lead to a decrease in a person’s energy level and, as a result, his performance.

Accordingly, if an employer evades fulfilling this obligation, he violates the law and must be punished.

It can be said that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature throughout the entire working period.

Seasonal requirements for office temperature

In cold and warm seasons, ensuring optimal temperature is achieved in different ways. Accordingly, the requirements for the microclimate will differ, as well as the measures provided for by SanPiN in the event of the impossibility of ensuring the temperature regime or its serious violations.

So that it doesn't get too hot

Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures is particularly detrimental to the performance and health of workers. In a closed work space, it can be aggravated by large crowds of people, the presence of working office equipment, and compliance with a special dress code.

In this regard, the optimal temperature values ​​and the permissible maximum during the hot period of the year are legally established. For office workers they are 23-25°C with a relative humidity of 40-60%. Temperature increases up to 28°C are allowed.

Exceeding summer temperatures in the office

If the thermometer inside the office deviates from the optimum by more than 2°C, it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will have to supply air conditioning for employees and ensure its normal operation and timely maintenance.

If for some reason this is not done, the employee should not meekly endure the sweltering heat, while also trying to meet professional requirements. Sanitary standards allow workers to rightfully shorten the standard eight-hour working day, for which the temperature requirements are designed:

• 29°C allows you to work 6 hours instead of 8;
• 30°C allows for a two-hour contraction;
• each subsequent degree exceeding the norm reduces the working time requirements by another 1 hour;
• if the thermometer reaches 32.5°C, you don’t have to stay at work for more than 1 hour.

Many employees note the negative impact of air conditioning, comparable in harm to heat and stuffiness. The same requirements of SanPiN, along with temperature and humidity, limit the speed of air movement in the room, which should not go beyond the range of 0.1-0.3 m/s. It follows that the employee should not be under the blowing air conditioner.

Temperature regimes by season, winter and summer

When working sedentary in winter, it is quite difficult not to freeze if there is a draft in the room, a poorly functioning heating system, or one radiator per large number of square meters. As mentioned above, the employer is obliged to take care of his staff and provide for such situations. But if you are still freezing your fingers to the keyboard, and your chair is covered with a crust of ice, then you should know that every drop in degree from 20°C reduces the length of the working day by an hour.

At 18°C ​​you have the right to work only 6 hours; the minimum (13°C) temperature means being at the workplace for no more than an hour. If your office is covered in snow and the door does not open, then, of course, you should not return there the next day. Otherwise, you risk becoming part of the ice army from Game of Thrones, and this is already fraught with consequences for your health.

Office employees, like any other employees, must spend their working time in rooms with a temperature that corresponds to the data specified in the regulatory and sanitary document SanPiN 2.2. 4.548-96. This act was adopted on the basis of a law passed in 1999, which clearly controls and establishes the working conditions of workers, regardless of their field of work.

That is why any manager, before hiring employees, should first create the necessary air temperature in the room and think through the order of arranging their workplaces. But it’s no secret that many bosses are in a hurry to take care only of their own convenience, purchasing heaters and air conditioners only for their offices, leaving the comfort of their subordinates without attention.

Below we will look at what temperature level, and what deviations from it, are acceptable at the legislative level.

• 23-25 ​​degrees – optimal indicators for the summer season;
• 22-24 degrees is the most suitable temperature in the workroom for winter;
• 1-2 degrees – the permissible range of temperature fluctuations in the workroom from the established norm;
• 3-4 degrees – possible fluctuations, both downward and upward, during the working day.
• In addition, you also need to consider the level of humidity in the premises. It should be at least 40, but not more than 60 percent.

Permissible wind speed – from 0.1 m/sec. up to 0.3 m/sec. This criterion is especially important when the air conditioner is running in the office. If you are working and the air conditioner is blowing on you, then this should not be considered a normal phenomenon, and you have the right to demand that management improve the arrangement of your workplace.

It is safe to say that if the current requirements of SanPiN only put forward recommendations for the improvement of work premises, then few managers would apply them in practice, alas, such are today’s realities. That is why this act not only puts forward recommendations for air temperature in workplaces, but clearly establishes the limits of acceptable values.

An employee must remain at his desk for no more than 8 hours, provided that the temperature in the room is no higher than 28 degrees and no lower than 20 degrees Celsius. If these indicators are not met, working hours should be reduced by an hour for each degree, taking into account the following data for the example:

• 19 or 29 degrees – working day 7 hours;
• 18 or 30 degrees – 6 hours of operation, etc. descending order.

If you suddenly notice that your working conditions at the workplace are being grossly violated, then you have every right to refuse to perform your job duties and go home, without thinking about the possible consequences. But you should not think that the standards of sanitary services were created only for the convenience of workers. More than once there have been cases where unscrupulous employees, taking advantage of this, tried to find excuses to explain their own absenteeism.

But since school days, we all know that convection currents in the form of warm air can rise upward, but cold air, on the contrary, sink down, and if desired, anyone who wants can fake measurements using an ultra-sensitive thermometer. But the data from such measurements cannot be officially accepted for consideration, because, according to the sanitary service document, the temperature sensor must be located at a level of one meter from the floor.

Since the employer provides the optimal temperature differently in summer and winter, the requirements for the microclimate also differ. SanPiN obliges employers to take certain measures if the temperature regime cannot be established.

Sanitary rules include requirements not only for temperature conditions, but also for air quality in the office. Therefore, the ventilation equipment of an organization is one of the significant criteria for the comfort of workplaces.

Office service requires workers to remain in the building for a long time. Each employee has his own preferences and needs to improve productivity. Some prefer coolness, others are afraid of drafts and air conditioning.

To create a comfortable office microclimate, a set of measures is required to meet the standards:

• Temperature conditions;
• Air humidity level;
• Ventilation of air flows;
• Air circulation speeds;
• The presence of foreign particles (dust) in the air.

These standards are provided for by SanPin, as well as GOST 30494 96 regarding the microclimate parameters of residential and non-residential premises. A comfortable office microclimate in the warm season includes:

• Temperature range between twenty-two and twenty-five degrees;
• Air humidity thirty to sixty percent;
• The air flow speed is not higher than 0.25 meters per second.

For the cold season, the indicators change:

• Temperatures range from twenty to twenty-two degrees;
• Air humidity - from thirty to forty-five percent;
• Air movement is 0.1 - 0.15 meters per second.

Acceptable temperature differences are one to two degrees.

Moisture level is a necessary component of comfortable work for office workers. What humidity should be directly depends on the temperature conditions of the room. High humidity at normal temperatures does not have a negative effect on the human body. And dry warm air can cause diseases of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

For violation of labor protection requirements, including Sanitary Regulations, a warning may be issued or an administrative fine may be imposed (Part 1 of Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation):

• for individual entrepreneurs in the amount of 2 to 5 thousand rubles;
• for organization – from 50 to 80 thousand rubles.

And violation of sanitary rules and hygienic standards entails a fine (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation):

• for individual entrepreneurs in the amount of 500 to 1000 rubles;
• for an organization – from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

Or suspension of the activities of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity for up to 90 days.

The importance of office climate

Temperature conditions greatly influence the well-being and performance of people. Increased or decreased air temperature, which affects an employee for a long time, not only has a negative impact on health, but also sharply reduces labor productivity. Office employees perform a wide variety of activities, most of which involve spending a long time in the same position, usually sitting and sedentary:

• work at a computer;
• draw up paperwork;
• communicate with clients;
• make decisions, etc.

Mental work and physical inactivity do not go well with an uncomfortable room temperature. Researchers have experimentally found that deviations even within one degree have such a strong impact on the efficiency of office work that it makes sense to even shorten the working day if it is impossible to provide the proper microclimate.

Ensuring proper temperature conditions in the office is a legal obligation of the employer, regardless of the form of ownership and level of subordination of the organization.

What you need to know

Speaking about the temperature regime in the workplace and measures to optimize personnel work in winter and summer, we remember about the decree of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of Russia dated June 21, 2016 No. 81 “On approval of SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace” ( together with SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations...). This resolution was registered with the Ministry of Justice on August 8, 2016 under No. 43153 and has the status of a valid regulatory document that is binding.

The inevitability of the resolution is achieved not only by registration with the Ministry of Justice, but also by a direct indication in paragraph 1.2 of the SanPiN itself, which states that compliance with the requirements of the rules is mandatory both for citizens who are in labor relations and for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.

Literally, this means that failure to comply with sanitary requirements, including refusal to change working conditions if the temperature regime according to SanPiN does not correspond to optimal indicators, is grounds for imposing a fine under Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - up to 80,000 rubles.

Standards for ventilation of office premises SANPIN

A few words about SanPiN

Considering that the Labor Code mentions the temperature regime in passing, SanPiN stipulates in detail all the important points. This is a lengthy document, but understandable even for a non-specialist. Contains several sections that include requirements for jobs by level:

• noise;
• vibrations;
• infra- and ultrasound;
• electric and other fields;
• laser and ultraviolet radiation;
• on the microclimate in production premises.

As for noise, vibration and radiation, as life shows, people are not as concerned about this as the temperature in the work room or outside, when it is above 30 degrees. Under such conditions, workers’ bodies begin to experience serious stress, and this is no joke. At what ambient temperature does stress begin according to the law, is written in SanPiN.

Requirements for the location of the room

A manicure room can be a separate room or part of a beauty salon, spa center, sauna, or shopping center.

Accommodation options according to SanPiN:

1. Basement, first or second floor of a residential building with a separate entrance;
2. A separate building that has all the necessary communal conditions in accordance with the standards;
3. Annex room;
4. Any floor of a center or beauty salon with a wider range of services;
5. Hotel, spa;
6. Holiday home, sanatorium, boarding school, medical organizations, hospitals.

It is allowed to place a manicure room in rooms without natural lighting, only with artificial lighting, subject to the requirements for such lighting. The microclimate parameters that can be checked and that must be observed when setting up a manicure salon according to SanPiN include: temperature, humidity, heating, lighting.

Nail salon interior design: ideas, key planning criteria

How it works

SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 does not apply to divers and cosmonauts, to the conditions for performing emergency rescue operations or combat missions (by whom, it is not specified, but obviously we are talking about rescuers and firefighters).

Further, SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 indicates that it imposes requirements for workplaces. SanPiN does not explain what workplaces are, but in paragraph 2.1.2 it indicates that hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators are established for workplaces in production premises. This means that the temperature regime for working on the street is not formally regulated by SanPiN, and it does not formally apply to those who have to work in the heat in the open air, for example, to road workers (it does, of course, but what to do if it says so) .

Now about the production environment and microclimate.

There are five microclimate indicators:

• air temperature;
• surface temperature;
• relative humidity;
• air (wind) speed;
• intensity of thermal radiation.

Taken together, they represent a comfortable environment in which working conditions are optimal.

What is not included in these indicators, but is taken into account by SanPiN, is the clothing in which a person works. It is hot to work in cloth, and sometimes uncomfortable overalls discourage workers from working. Let's look at the special rules. For a unit of clothing, SanPiN takes a set of items with thermal insulation of 1 CLO in the cold season and 0.7-0.8 CLO in the warm season for an 8-hour work shift.

CLO is a unit of measurement for the insulation properties of clothing. To immediately avoid questions like “how much CLO is in regular jeans or a T-shirt,” let’s say that this is a relative value. 1 CLO is the amount of clothing you need to feel comfortable. For example, the normal temperature in a room at work at a computer, when a person is just sitting, is +25. But if you stand up and swing a sledgehammer 30 times, the temperature will seem comfortable up to +10. What is important to understand here is that clothes retain heat, but do not produce it. If clothing is heated, it will also warm the worker (if it is not special clothing). If the worker himself is heated, then his clothes retain heat and cause overheating of the worker himself. CLO does not affect the physical performance of the workplace, but it does affect the person and therefore must be taken into account.

Optimal values ​​of microclimate parameters

What are the categories of work by energy consumption? This is an indicator of the release and loss of human energy during work (includes the metabolic rate from background metabolism to the mechanical power developed by the muscles). For example, work of category Ia is sedentary work with little physical stress, and work of category III is associated with constant movement with a load, for example, with a sledgehammer.

Temperature in the office

Currently, in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, including Moscow, there is an emergency situation associated with extremely high air temperatures, as well as heavy smoke due to forest fires.

The combination of these factors has an extremely adverse effect on the health of working citizens.

In accordance with Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to provide safe and healthy working conditions for employees.

Time spent at workplaces at air temperatures above permissible values

In addition, in order to prevent the adverse effects of these factors, the employer can use protective measures (local air conditioning systems, air showers, personal protective equipment - in particular, wet gauze dressings and respirators, rest rooms, regulation of work hours, in particular, breaks work, etc.).

In the event of a reduction in the duration of daily work (shift), remuneration of workers for the time for which working hours are reduced may be made in accordance with Part 2 of Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation as downtime for reasons beyond the control of the employer and employee, in the amount of not less than two-thirds of the tariff rate (salary, official salary), calculated in proportion to downtime.

In addition, it may be recommended, taking into account weather service forecasts, to provide, by agreement between the employer and the employee, short-term annual paid holidays outside the schedule.

The impact of a heating microclimate has a harmful effect on the working body, contributing to a deterioration in well-being, decreased performance and poor health.

The hot weather that has established over most of the territory of the Russian Federation, in which the air temperature exceeds the long-term average values ​​for a given period of the year, leads to a deterioration in working conditions for workers in open areas, in industrial and public premises without air conditioning.

Work in a heating microclimate must be carried out in compliance with the measures to prevent overheating and the recommendations regarding the operating mode set out in the leaflet.

Reminder for workers in conditions of high air temperature.

1. To prevent overheating of the body (hyperthermia), it is necessary to organize a rational operating mode. When working outdoors and outdoor temperatures of 35 °C and above, the duration of periods of continuous work should be 15 - 20 minutes, followed by a rest period of at least 10 - 12 minutes in refrigerated rooms. In this case, the permissible total duration of thermal load per work shift should not exceed 4 - 5 hours for persons using special clothing to protect against thermal radiation and 1.5 - 2 hours for persons without special clothing.
2. In a room in which the normalization of a person’s thermal state is carried out after working in a heating environment, the air temperature, in order to avoid cooling the body due to a large temperature difference (body surface - ambient air) and increased heat transfer by evaporation of sweat, should be maintained at 24 - 25 ° C.
3. Working at an outside air temperature of more than 37 °C is classified as dangerous (extreme) based on microclimate indicators. It is not recommended to work outdoors at temperatures above 37 °C. The workday routine should be changed, moving such work to the morning or evening.
4. To protect against excessive thermal radiation, it is necessary to use special clothing or clothing made of dense fabrics. It is recommended that persons no younger than 25 and no older than 40 years old be allowed to perform such work.
5. In order to prevent dehydration, it is recommended to properly organize and maintain a drinking regime. Drinking water must be in sufficient quantity and within easy reach. Recommended temperature of drinking water, drinks, tea is 10 - 15 °C. For optimal water supply, it is also recommended to compensate for the loss of salts and microelements excreted from the body through sweat, providing for the provision of salted water, alkaline mineral water, lactic acid drinks (skimmed milk, whey), juices, fortified drinks, oxygen-protein cocktails.
6. You should drink water often and little by little to maintain good hydration of the body (optimal water content in the body, which ensures its normal functioning and metabolism). When the temperature is above 30 °C and you are doing moderate work, you need to drink at least 0.5 liters of water per hour - approximately one cup every 20 minutes.
7. To maintain immunity and reduce intoxication of the body, it is recommended, if possible, to consume fruits and vegetables

Maintaining normal temperature is an important condition for the normal functioning of the company. Not only the health of workers, but also their labor productivity, as well as the normal functioning of the entire enterprise, depends on the temperature in the office.

Temperature standards are regulated by SanPin 2.2.4 548 96. The fifth and sixth sections of the Rules are devoted to optimization and temperature limits depending on the season (warm or cold).

Office workers whose work can be classified as intellectual, characterized by a low level of physical activity, as well as a sedentary position, are included in category Ia by the Labor Code and SanPin. For this category of employees, a temperature of twenty-three to twenty-five degrees (in summer) and twenty-two to twenty-four degrees (in winter) must be provided.

If the room temperature does not meet the specified standards, employees have the right to demand that the employer reduce the duration of work shifts.

If the temperature exceeds plus twenty-nine, labor time is reduced to three to six hours (in accordance with the functions performed). If the temperature in the office exceeds thirty-two degrees, working for more than one hour is prohibited.

There are indicators for the cold season. At temperatures below nineteen degrees, the shift duration is reduced by an hour. At temperatures below thirteen degrees Celsius, the working day cannot exceed one hour.

The work of an organization whose management constantly violates the temperature conditions of the premises can be temporarily stopped for a period of up to three months.

According to the Labor Code, the room temperature in the summer should not be higher than:

• 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
• 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
• 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
• 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
• 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.

Working at temperatures exceeding 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has several ways to avoid the heat, namely: install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or reduce the number of working hours by special order.

Salaried workers often face negligence from their employers. What to do in this case? There are several options:

• ask the employer to normalize the temperature using equipment (air conditioning, heater)
• demand a reduction in hours of work in accordance with regulations
• file a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor
• contact the labor inspectorate for help

In the last two options, a special inspection will be carried out at the place of work, during which it will be determined whether an offense has been committed.

Failure to comply with temperature conditions

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who violates sanitary standards will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or its activities will be suspended for a certain period.

It is worth noting that violations of the correct temperature can only be detected by a special service, the SES. As a result, any legal entity that violates the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation will be subject to punishment.

Based on all of the above, we can conclude that the employer must control the correct temperature in the room for 8 hours of work: no higher than 28 degrees Celsius in the summer, no lower than 20 degrees Celsius in the winter.

The microclimate of industrial premises is an important condition for normal work; not only well-being and health, but also the performance of employees and their functional state depend on it. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establishes normal microclimate parameters for any industrial premises and workplaces. And in its sections 5 and 6, its optimal and permissible values ​​for different times of the year – the hottest and the coldest – are separately specified.

Those workers who work in office premises, the performance of work duties of which is characterized by minor physical effort and a sitting position, are classified by SanPiN as category Ia. For this category of workers, a comfortable temperature in summer is 23-25°C, and in winter – 22-24°C. In cases where these standards are not met, office workers have the right to demand a reduction in working hours.

What should be the temperature in the workplace?

The employer’s responsibilities include not only providing safe conditions for employees when performing their job duties, but also maintaining a comfortable atmosphere in the premises (Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), including the permissible level of humidity and temperature in the workplace.

The following articles will help you understand the nuances of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

• "St. 62 Labor Code of the Russian Federation: questions and answers";
• "St. 391 Labor Code of the Russian Federation: questions and answers.”

The latter indicator differs for categories of workers depending on the intensity of their physical activity. Thus, the difference in temperature standards for office employees and workers, for example, in foundries and forges can be 5–6°C (SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises”).

SanPiN for the protection of human health

All standards are collected in a special code of the Russian Federation. This code defines optimal health and hygiene standards for various areas of human activity, including employment. These documents relate to the technical and medical fields. At the same time, it is also legislative, precisely for this reason it is necessary to comply with all these norms.

The abbreviation SanPiN stands for sanitary rules and regulations. The document that regulates optimal conditions in the workplace is called SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 and reads as follows: hygienic requirements for the microclimate in production premises. These SanPiN provide labor protection regulations for office employees and production workers. These SanPiNs were adopted within the framework of Federal Law No. 52 of March 30, 1999 “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”

Compliance with the requirements of SanPiN by the employer is supported by articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation No. 209 and 212. They deal with liability in case of failure by the employer to comply with occupational safety and health rules, as well as timely implementation of rehabilitation, treatment and preventive, sanitary and other similar measures. Article No. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that the employer must carry out a set of measures in order to ensure an optimal working microclimate.

Temperature standards in the workplace

Average optimal temperature conditions depend on operating conditions and time of year. The less energy is consumed during work, the higher this indicator should be:

• for office workers: in the warm season - 23–25 °C, in the cold season - 22–24 °C;
• for workers with light physical activity: in summer - 22–24 °C, in winter - 21–23 °C;
• for persons whose work involves walking and light physical activity: in summer - 20–22 °C, in winter - 19–21 °C;
• for employees whose work requires increased physical activity: in summer - 19–21 °C, in winter - 17–19 °C;
• for workers with high physical activity: in summer - 18–20 °C, in winter - 16–18 °C.

Requirements for a nail salon master to carry out activities

According to SanPiN standards for manicure and pedicure, the following are mandatory for nail service workers:

• Sanitary record;
• Passing medical examinations upon entry to work and periodic planned ones.

Registration of a medical record

You don't need a license to work as a manicurist. Completion of specialized courses and advanced training courses with diplomas and certificates is not mandatory, but desirable.

Manicurist training

How to navigate the temperature

Working in hot weather or in cold weather means special working conditions. They impose certain responsibilities on employers.

Those working in the fresh air at an air temperature of +32.5 ° C are entitled to cool rest every 20-30 minutes. The break for such a rest lasts at least 10-15 minutes. Based on the recommendations of Rospotrebnadzor, at what temperature you can work, working outside at + 37 ° C and above is not allowed. At the same time, there is a rule that minors and people over 40 years old, pregnant employees and people suffering from chronic diseases are not involved in working in the heat.

If the room is +30 degrees, then we look at what jobs we work on and determine the length of the working day. Air speed and relative humidity are not of concern to us. There are, of course, in SanPiN maximum indicators (as they should be) for humidity and speed of movement of air masses (see paragraph 2.2.7), but tables of working hours are calculated exclusively based on degrees of air temperature. Therefore, we look at the thermometer, look at the table, find the required column and get the result: how long you need to work at this temperature.

But what should a boss do if workers have to work in hot conditions and the production process cannot be stopped? The employer's responsibilities in hot weather are to provide workers with comfortable working conditions. At least buy a fan. The best option is to purchase a split system that maintains a comfortable temperature in the room. But this is not a panacea either. Even a large air conditioner outside the window does not always help. Also, ideally, you need a humidifier. Yes, it's expensive, but it's worth it.

At a minimum, employees see that their employer loves and appreciates them. In addition, employee stress is reduced, which means fewer errors in work.

As a maximum, you won’t have to write an explanation to the State Tax Inspectorate or the Investigative Committee if someone ends up in the hospital due to the heat.

What consequences await the employer for violating the current legislation?

If for some reason the employer cannot comply with the norms established by legal acts, the length of the working day is reduced. Otherwise, non-compliance with the regime is qualified in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 Code of Administrative Offences. If an employer is held liable, he may face the following penalties in the form of a fine:

• 2-5 thousand rubles – for persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities;
• 50-80 thousand rubles – for legal entities;
• 2–5 thousand rubles – in relation to officials.

A warning or forced suspension of activities for a period of up to three months is also possible.

Despite the fact that inspectors are guided by the previously mentioned article to influence a negligent employer, they can bring him to justice with the use of milder sanctions. So, according to Art. 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the culprit faces a warning and an administrative penalty in the amount of 100 rubles to 20 thousand rubles. The exact amount depends on the legal status (individual, manager, entrepreneur, legal entity).

Temperature at work and shorter working hours

The law establishes that employees can count on a reduction in work hours if the temperature at the place of work does not meet the standards. There are some rules for reducing working hours:

• If the employer does not take action to change the situation, then the staff goes on vacation. In this case, payment for this period is made in double amount;
• For any deviation from the norm, the length of the day of service is reduced by an hour. One degree of temperature equals one hour of labor.

An important condition when carrying out work is compliance with all rules for protecting the health of workers. The temperature regime indoors or outdoors is important in service. Legislation ensures that all workers have the opportunity to protect their rights under the law. Therefore, if your employer violates your rights, it is recommended to turn to legal acts.

What measures can be taken

The following options may be a solution to this problem:

1. Equipment for recreation in a special room.
2. Transfer of a worker to another workplace.
3. Earlier dismissal of workers from home.
4. Extra breaks.

If an employer refuses to comply with the requirements to ensure optimal performance, they can be charged with two offenses simultaneously .

1. Violation of sanitary norms and rules (room temperature standards do not correspond to standard indicators).
2. Ignoring labor laws due to the fact that people work in inappropriate conditions.

If the boss in this situation is inactive and does not agree to provide the employees with another workplace, then the time that he was in unfavorable conditions is equivalent to a shift (daily working day) in duration. In other words, you can freely talk about overworking an employee on the initiative of the boss with all the ensuing financial and legal consequences.

What is work flow sharing and how to organize it

If employees continue to attend workplaces during the period of self-isolation, the employer must create conditions in such places that as close as possible to self-isolation. Namely, to separate workers so that they perform their functions with minimal contact with the rest of the team.

Here's how to do it:

• Place employees in separate rooms. If there are not enough of them for everyone, change the operating mode. For example, set exits to work not every day for everyone, but in shifts . And in an amount that is sufficient to complete current affairs. Another option is to review everyone’s work responsibilities and identify from among the employees those who can be sent remotely or on paid time off (the rest are separated into separate offices).
• At enterprises where employees work in groups due to the nature of the production process, fix the composition of the shifts and do not change it during the period of coronavirus restrictions. Organize meal breaks and shift changes in such a way that employees from different groups do not have personal contact with each other. For example, you can make separate changing rooms for those who have finished work and for those who have just arrived.

What to do if your office space is cold

Only if the air temperature does not drop below 20 degrees, the working personnel are required to remain at the workplace full time (8 hours). With each lower degree, the standard working time is reduced.

1. At 19 degrees, it is permissible to reduce the working day to 7 hours.

1. At 18 – 6-hour working day. With each subsequent degree, working time is reduced by 1 hour.
2. When the air temperature is 13 degrees, you can stay in the office for no more than 60 minutes.

Temperature measurements and their features

Accuracy of temperature measurements must be maintained . This is due to the fact that each degree plays a special role in the duration of working hours.

If employees or the employer are unscrupulous, then there may be a temptation to underestimate or overestimate the true temperature readings. It is possible that an error will occur due to an incorrectly placed or faulty device with which you are taking measurements.

To avoid complications with determining air temperature indicators, SanPiN is required to place the device at a distance of 1 meter above the floor level.

What responsibility does the employer have if he does not comply with the requirements of the office microclimate?

If for some reason the employer refuses to install an air conditioner (fan) in the summer, and a heater in the winter, thereby maintaining the optimal temperature regime, then his subordinates should not tolerate this because they may be fired. You can contact the sanitary and epidemiological service. She will definitely come to your enterprise to check. If during the inspection the complaint is confirmed, then the management cannot avoid responsibility for failure to comply with the requirements of SanPiN.

And also for non-compliance with the requirements, the employer faces a fine of approximately 12 thousand rubles. If, after a repeated inspection, the same violations are revealed again, then its activities will be suspended for 3 months in accordance with Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Sanitary rules on air temperature in the workplace

Sanitary rules establish optimal temperature levels in the workplace. These indicators include:

1. Air speed.
2. Relative humidity.
3. Surface temperature.
4. Air temperature.

Normal sanitary indicators for cold and warm seasons are determined separately.
The cold season is considered to be the period when the average daily outside air temperature reaches 10 degrees and below. If there is more than this value outside the window, then this can be considered a warm season. Thermometer readings in an office space are slightly different in winter and summer. At any time, a person needs a thermal balance with the environment .

In addition to all this, depending on a person’s energy consumption, different thermometer indicators are provided in different fields of activity.

Requirements for methods of measuring and organizing microclimate control in accordance with sanitary standards

Measurements of microclimatic indicators in order to monitor their compliance with sanitary standards should be carried out in the warm season - on those days when the outside air temperature differs from the maximum average temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 degrees, and in cold times - when the difference from the coldest month month no more than 5 degrees. The frequency of such measurements is determined by the functioning of sanitary and technological equipment, as well as the stability of the production process.

When choosing the time and measurement sites, it is worth taking into account all the factors that affect the microclimate of the workplace (the functioning of heating and ventilation systems, phases of the technological process, etc.). It is worth measuring microclimatic indicators at least 3 times per shift. If indicators associated with technological and other reasons fluctuate, then additional measurements need to be taken at the lowest and highest values ​​of the thermal load on the employee.

Measurements should be taken at the workplace. If your place of work includes several production sites, then you should measure indicators at each separately.

If there is a source of local moisture release, cooling or heat release (open baths, heated units, gates, doorways, windows and others like them), then the indicators need to be measured at points that are
maximally and minimally distant from the thermal source of influence .
In those rooms where there is a high density of workplaces, but there are no sources of moisture release, cooling and heat release, the places where microclimatic indicators are measured, regarding movement speed and air humidity, should be evenly distributed over the area of ​​the room according to the following principle:

1. Room area up to 100 square meters - the number of measured areas is 4.
2. From 100 to 400 meters – 8.
3. Over 400 - the distance between sections should not be more than 10 meters.

During sedentary work, movement speed and temperature indicators should be measured at heights of 0.1 and 1 meter from the floor, and relative air humidity - 1 meter from the working platform or floor. During standing work, movement speed and temperature are measured at heights of 1 and 1.5 meters, and relative humidity is measured at 1.5 meters.

If there is a radiant heat source, then at the workplace the thermal radiation is measured from each source, placing the device perpendicular to the incident flow. These measurements are carried out at heights of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 meters from the working platform or floor.

The temperature on surfaces is measured in cases where the place of work is no more than 2 meters away from them.

Relative humidity and air temperature in the presence of sources of air currents and thermal radiation at workplaces are measured by aspiration psychrometers . If such sources are absent, then the relative humidity and temperature conditions of the air can be measured with psychrometers, which are not protected from the effects of movement speed and thermal radiation of the air. You can also use devices that separately measure humidity and air temperature.

The speed of air movement is measured by rotational anemometers (cup, vane and others). Small values ​​of air speed (less than 0.5 meters per second), especially if there are multidirectional flows, are measured by thermoelectric anemometers, as well as ball and cylindrical catathermometers, if they are protected from thermal radiation.

The temperature on surfaces is measured using remote (pyrometers) or contact (electric thermometer) devices.

The intensity of thermal radiation is measured with devices that provide a sensor viewing angle as close as possible to a hemisphere (at least 160 degrees), sensitive in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum (radiometers, actinometers, and others).

The permissible error of measuring instruments and the measuring range must meet the following criteria:

1. According to a dry bulb thermometer, the air temperature ranges from (-30) to (+50) degrees with an error of 0.2 degrees in any direction.
2. According to a wet bulb thermometer, from 0 to 50 degrees. The error is also 0.2 degrees.
3. The surface temperature ranges from 0 to 50 degrees with an error of 0.5.
4. Relative air humidity - from 0 to 90% with a deviation of 5.
5. Movement speed: from 0 to 0.5 m/s, the error can be 0.05; more than 0.5 m/s – 0.1.
6. Thermal irradiation intensity: from 10 to 350 W/sq.m, deviation is allowed by 5, and more than 350 W/sq.m – by 50.

Based on the results of the study, a protocol is drawn up , which reflects general information about the production facility, the placement of sanitary and technological equipment, sources of moisture release, cooling, heat release; All diagrams for the placement of sites for measuring all necessary microclimate parameters and other data are provided.

Ultimately, at the end of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be evaluated in accordance with regulatory sanitary requirements.

Results

Ensuring the required temperature level at employee workplaces is the responsibility of the employer. The rights of workers to comfortable working conditions, including maintaining the proper level of temperature in the workplace, are established by the provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

To avoid conflict situations, employers are recommended to equip workplaces with air conditioning or heating. Failure to comply with these conditions may result in fines or suspension of the entity's activities.

Sources

• https://myrealproperty.ru/nedvizhimost/commercial/raznovidnosti/ofisy/trebovaniya-k-pomeshheniyam/normy-temperatury.html
• https://assistentus.ru/trudovoe-pravo/normy-temperatury-v-ofise/
• https://clubtk.ru/zhara-ili-kholod-kogda-pora-sokrashchat-rabochiy-den
• https://nalog-nalog.ru/ohrana_truda/kakaya_temperatura_dopustima_na_rabochem_meste_normy/
• https://lawinfo24.ru/trudovoe-pravo/trudovye-otnosheniya/normy-temperatury-na-rabochem-meste
• https://legionfg.ru/temperaturnyj-rezhim-raboty-po-tk-rf/
• https://LivePosts.ru/articles/work-business/norma-temperatury-v-ofise-i-ofisnyh-pomeshheniyah-v-vozduhe

SanPiN requirements for office premises, main criteria

Even in the absence of harmful factors in work activity, compliance with SanPiN requirements for office premises is mandatory. The organization of all workplaces must be approached in detail and at the same time be guided by regulatory and technical documentation. Contents

When working with a computer, employees are exposed to a number of dangerous influences:

• The air environment is not sufficiently ionized.
• Electromagnetic radiation. May be caused by a missing or faulty grounding device.
• Since the worker is in a static position for a long time, this kind of load affects the body. At the same time, they can cause severe pain in the lumbar region, obstructed outflow of venous blood, depression and stress.
• If the workplace is not organized correctly, static electricity may accumulate.
• Loads on the organs of vision.

These are physical factors whose indicators must be brought to normal. This is the responsibility of the employer. If arranged in accordance with the requirements of the rules, it contributes to the productivity of the employee.

Sanitary standards indicate what to do to ensure that all indicators are normal.

What are the main indicators of the state of an employee’s workplace? These include:

1. conditions for creating a microclimate, that is, optimal temperature and humidity;
2. noise and vibration characteristics;
3. illumination of the working area.
4. exposure to electromagnetic fields;

These standards are set within certain limits. If all requirements are met, then the possibility of acquiring an occupational disease is excluded, since the employee has to be at the workplace for eight hours every day.

- These are one of the main indicators of the state of the workplace. Many criteria of a person’s health condition depend on it, including the performance of production tasks.