My husband and I periodically take our niece on our trips. Sometimes her mother goes with us, sometimes she lets the baby go alone. The most difficult question we had to solve on our first trip was what documents we should prepare for the child. The topic seemed very important to me, and I decided to study all the nuances.
The package of documents that needs to be collected depends on who the child is traveling with.
There are several options:
- The child travels with both parents.
- The child is traveling with one of the parents.
- The child travels accompanied by an adult, but not a parent.
- The child travels alone, unaccompanied.
In addition, the route affects the situation.
Traveling around Russia with a child is easier than going abroad. When traveling outside the Russian Federation, you must take into account the internal rules of the host country.
It is important to prepare in advance for the trip.
If the necessary papers are not available, the child may not be allowed to board the train or plane, in which case the vacation will be over for everyone.
Traveling with a child is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. To travel around Russia, even without parents, no additional preparations are needed. It is enough to have original identification documents with you.
To travel abroad, the main thing is to obtain a passport in advance, and issuing powers of attorney does not take more than an hour.
Basic documents of the child
First of all, you need to figure out what documents the child may have
. Identity documents:
- A birth certificate is the main document of a child under 14 years of age in the Russian Federation. You need to check whether the certificate contains an insert (it was issued until 2007) or a citizenship stamp. If there is no mark, then it can be placed at the registry office at the place of registration.
- Russian passport - at the age of 14, a child receives a passport and from that moment uses it as an adult. However, its presence does not cancel the rules and the need to obtain additional documents when traveling without parents, because Until the age of 18, he is considered a child.
- International passport - this document is needed only for traveling abroad.
Additional documents:
- A permission to travel abroad is a notarized consent of a parent for his child to be released outside the Russian Federation to a specified country. It will be required if both parents are not going on a trip or when one of the parents has applied for a ban on taking the child abroad. This is especially true for spouses who do not live together. It is enough to submit such a request to the border service authorities once, after which it cannot be withdrawn.
- A power of attorney for a child is a document on the basis of which the adult indicated in it receives the right to make decisions for the child and is responsible for his life and health.
Additional paperwork will be required if neither parent is traveling. When traveling only with mom or dad, permission is needed if one of the parents has filed a ban on the child leaving the Russian Federation.
How to apply for a child's passport
When receiving a passport, there are three options:
- enter the child into the international passport of one of the parents;
- issue an old-style international passport valid for 5 years;
- obtain a biometric passport valid for 10 years.
You can issue a foreign passport for a child from the first days of his life. To do this, a birth certificate with a mark or insert about citizenship is sufficient.
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Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages.
1. Enter the child in the passport of one of the parents.
There is only one plus - savings. If a child is registered immediately when applying for an adult’s passport, then there will be no commission. If you need to add information after receiving the document, the commission is 500 rubles.
Required package of documents for registration:
- Application - when adding a child when applying for a passport, simply fill in the appropriate fields in the main application form. If the child is brought in later, you need to write a separate application.
- Birth certificate with citizenship information.
- Photo of a child.
- A receipt for payment of the state fee, if the child does not register upon receipt of the main document.
There are significantly more disadvantages:
- a child can only be entered in an old-style international passport; this is not possible in biometric documents;
- the baby will be able to travel only with the parent in whose passport he is included;
- Children can be registered only if both they and the parent have Russian citizenship;
- Without his own passport, a child will only be able to travel until he is 14 years old;
- When obtaining visas, the parent’s passport must have a sufficient number of blank pages (separately for an adult and each child).
2. Registration of a separate passport for the child
If you are not sure who exactly will always travel with the children, it is better to issue separate documents for them. To do this, you will need to collect the same documents as in the first option, only the application will be different.
It is important to decide in advance which passport you want to issue for your child: an old type or a biometric one.
For very young children, it is better to choose an old-style international passport valid for 5 years, because... At this age, children change quickly, and after a few years a problem may arise with a mismatch between the photograph and the appearance of the owner of the document. The passport will have to be changed before the expiration date.
For older children, a biometric document can be issued for a period of 10 years.
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Advantages of a separate document:
- the child will be able to travel with anyone;
- the document will be accepted when applying for a visa to any country;
- There will be enough space in the passport for visas and stamps;
- Upon reaching 14 years of age, the child will not need to change the document.
downside is the size of the state duty. For children under 14 years of age, preferential rates apply, and after the 14th birthday you will have to pay the fee as an adult:
- for an old-style international passport - 1,000 rubles up to 14 years of age and 2,000 rubles from 14 years of age;
- for a new type of international passport - 2,500 rubles up to 14 years of age and 5,000 rubles from 14 years of age. You can submit documents through the State Services website. When you pay the state fee on the website, you receive a 30% discount.
The processing time for passports is the same: a month when submitting documents at the place of registration and 4 months when issuing a document at the place of actual residence.
How to issue a power of attorney and permission for a child to travel abroad
Both of these documents will be required if the child is traveling without parents. Sometimes they are needed when traveling with only one parent. For example, if previously the father or mother filed a ban on the child traveling abroad.
There is nothing complicated in registering a power of attorney for a child and permission for him to leave. It is enough to take your passport and child’s birth certificate to a notary. The service costs from 500 rubles.
Both documents are standard, so there is no difficulty in their preparation.
The documents must indicate:
1. In the exit permit:
- basic details of the documents of the parent who gives this permission;
- countries to which you plan to travel;
- travel period.
2. In the power of attorney:
- basic details of the documents of the child and the adult to whom he is entrusted;
- validity period of the power of attorney.
Also, the notary's office may need to certify a copy of the birth certificate or its translation into a foreign language. In this case, the copy of the document is signed, sealed and the name of the notary who certifies it. If you need to certify a copy in a foreign language, check in advance whether the notary provides this service.
Consent for a child to leave for permanent residence sample
- To visit countries that are members of Schengen and the EU, you must provide the consent of the absent parent (in writing). If the mother (father) has died, a death certificate is required if someone is deprived of birth. rights - then this fact must be confirmed.
- To visit the CIS countries and resort countries (Israel, Turkey, Egypt), a minor who is accompanied by a legal representative does not need permission.
Procedure for leaving the country
The USA, Switzerland, Croatia, Canada, and Great Britain require such consent. Some countries require that the document be translated into 1 or several languages at once; an Apostille stamp or certification of the translation by a notary may also be required.
There are situations when a document may not be needed during one border crossing, but during subsequent visits to Israel there is a possibility that it will be required. It is better not to rely on chance, but to prepare a paper certified by the Apostille stamp. What is it for? This international standardized form of filling out information will help confirm the legality of the document. The Apostille stamp is placed on copies and originals of certain documents.
Travel around Russia
The easiest and most convenient option is to travel within the country.
In this case, you do not need to collect any additional paperwork, even if the child is traveling without parents. It is enough to have a standard set of documents:
- boarding card;
- identification document;
- compulsory medical insurance policy - it is optional, but it is better to have it with you to receive free medical care.
However, it is better to issue a notarized power of attorney for one of the adults, if both mom and dad are far away.
This must be done for security reasons. For example, a child may have a medical emergency that requires the consent of a parent. In this case, nothing can be done without a power of attorney. According to clause 29 of Government Decree No. 111 of the Russian Federation, children under 14 are allowed to board trains with a notarized copy of their birth certificate.
Travel abroad
The rules for the entry of tourists with children into a particular country are quite dynamic. Therefore, it is better to clarify the details before leaving at the consulate of the state you are traveling to.
To travel outside the Russian Federation accompanied by parents, the child needs the following documents:
- international passport - if it is not available, then the child must be included in the international passport of the parent who is traveling with him;
- birth certificate with a note on citizenship - just in case, it is better to make a certified translation, especially if the baby’s last name does not match the parents’ last name;
- visa - if it is needed to enter the host country, it is affixed either to the child’s passport or to the parent’s passport in which he is registered.
When a child is traveling with one of the parents, no further documents will be required unless an application has previously been made to prohibit the child from being taken abroad and there are no additional requirements in the receiving country.
If neither parent is present, permission to leave is required from both parents. In addition, the accompanying adult will need to have a notarized power of attorney from the child’s parent.
Some countries may have their own rules regarding the presence of minors on their territory. For example, a translation of a birth certificate or notarized consent of both parents for the child to leave for a given country may be required.
Consent is requested in case the family splits up during the trip and the child remains with only one of the parents. In cases where a child has only one parent, proof of the widowhood of the father or mother is required. It also needs to be translated and certified by a notary.
Is the consent of both parents required for a child to travel abroad?
For Turkey, also Egypt and a number of other visa-free countries, permission from the second parent is not required! If the child’s birth certificate indicates a second parent, then his consent is necessary to obtain a visa to some countries, for example, Schengen countries!
The child’s parents, with their valid passports and the child’s birth certificate, must contact the notary’s office, providing information about when, where and with whom their child will go. There is no strictly established form of a power of attorney for the removal of a child; the text can be of any form.
Can a child travel unaccompanied by an adult?
There are times when you want to send a child on vacation, but adults do not have the opportunity to take him to his destination.
One child can only be seated on a train if they are 10 years old or older .
Conditions for traveling on commuter trains are a little softer: the minimum age for independent travel is 7 years .
When planning an air flight, you need to take into account that airlines have the right to independently establish rules for the transportation of minor passengers. Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 82 reserves the right for the carrier to approve the transportation of a child unaccompanied by an adult.
General rules allow you to transport children:
- aged 2 to 12 years under the supervision of an airline employee upon written application from parents if the carrier provides this service;
- over the age of 12 years independently upon approval of transportation by the airline.
As a rule, only large airlines can afford to accompany a child. You shouldn’t count on such a service when buying tickets for a low-cost airline.
Law No. 112 “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation” does not limit the age of independent travel abroad. The only condition is that the child has consent to leave. For the rest, you can rely on the carrier’s rules.
Obtaining permission for a child to travel abroad through the court
If, through negotiations, you were unable to obtain the voluntary notarized consent of the other party for the child’s departure, you have the right to go to court using one of the following claims:
- o deprivation of paternal rights to a child;
- oblige to give consent to leave
However, to do this, it is also necessary to present factual evidence in court that the father or mother does not take an appropriate part in the child’s life and acts contrary to his interests. Of course, litigation is a rather complex and lengthy process, so if there is an option to avoid this, we recommend using an alternative. The period for obtaining the consent of the father and mother for the departure of the child through the court can be several months.
Conclusion
It is most convenient when both parents travel with the child. In this case, you do not need to complete any additional documents. It is enough to take a birth certificate, and when traveling abroad, a foreign passport with a visa, if needed.
When traveling around Russia, everything is also simple. Even if mom and dad are not around, it is not necessary to obtain powers of attorney.
You need to prepare in advance for traveling abroad.
On our first trip with my niece, the issue of correctly completing all the documents for the trip seemed very difficult to me. Fortunately, everything turned out to be much simpler than I thought. The main thing is to familiarize yourself with all the nuances in advance and complete the paperwork correctly. And then the vacation will be a pleasure.
