Rights and responsibilities of a teenager from 14 to 17 years old. Children's law

According to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, a child is considered to be any person between the ages of 0 and 18 years. Once born, every child has the right to life, health, citizenship, first name, patronymic and last name, upbringing in a family, attending a nursery, kindergarten and school, opening a bank account in his own name.

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Later (from the age of 10), it becomes possible for him to change his last name, first name and patronymic, express his own opinion when resolving family issues, carry out small household transactions and join children's public associations.

What rights does a 14 year old teenager have?

Hello, in this article we will try to answer the question “What rights does a 14-year-old teenager have?” You can also consult with lawyers online for free directly on the website.

expulsion from school for committing offenses, including gross and repeated violations of the school charter;
independent property liability for concluded transactions;
compensation for harm caused;
liability for violation of labor discipline;
criminal liability for certain types of crimes (murder, intentional infliction of grievous and moderate harm to health, rape, theft, robbery, extortion, misappropriation of a vehicle, knowingly false reporting of an act of terrorism, vandalism, rendering vehicles unusable and others) ( Article 20 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Psychologists often focus the attention of parents of children in adolescence on this conventional transitional fragment (from 14 to 16 years old) in connection with the changes occurring in them, both physiological and mental.

“Rights, duties and responsibilities of minors”

The ability to have rights arises from the moment a person is born. Civil and political rights, rights in the family and in the field of social security are enshrined in such documents as the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Family Code of the Russian Federation, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

14 years is a special age in the life of every person. This is one of the key stages in the development of a person, both an individual and a citizen. According to Russian law, a teenager at the age of 14 receives a passport and takes an important step into adulthood. Along with new rights, new responsibilities appear, and the degree of responsibility also increases.

In order to increase social and legal competence and inform minors, specialists of the KGKU “Vyazemsky Social Rehabilitation Center for Minors” Deputy Director Shvorob V.A., social worker. teacher Shagarova S.M. An introductory and educational conversation on learning skills was held with students of grade 9 “b” of MBOU Secondary School No. 1 in Vyazemsky on the topic: “ Rights, duties and responsibilities of minors ”, dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children.

The conversation was aimed at developing in students a sense of responsibility for their actions and actions, awareness of the need for mandatory compliance with laws. The teenagers watched the presentation “My Rights and Responsibilities,” from which they learned that the main duty of any citizen, including minors, is to comply with the laws and not violate the rights and interests of others. For failure to fulfill this obligation, a minor may be subject to criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary liability. The teenagers acted out and discussed scenes of violation of children's rights using examples from real life, and determined what type of crime it was. It was unusual for students to guess what rights were violated among fairy-tale characters. Shagarova S.M. gave examples of offenses that are often committed by teenagers in our area, and what kind of responsibility is provided for them. Students asked questions that interested them and immediately received explanatory answers. We watched social videos: “Prevention of crime among youth”, “Crime in cartoons”. Every teenager has found out for themselves that confidence in impunity and ignorance of the laws does not exempt them from responsibility. At parting, the children were given booklets - reminders “Your age is your rights.”

Psychological characteristics of children in adolescence

At the age of 18, a Russian becomes an adult. Now everything is possible that does not contradict the law. Some are in a hurry to open their own business, study and get married at the same time. This is possible with financial support from parents.

In addition, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prohibits: involving minors in overtime work; call on the night shift and on weekends: the prohibition of using minors at night is established by Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

At the age of 14, each teenager officially becomes a citizen of his country and receives a general passport, and also partially becomes criminally responsible (in case of committing particularly serious crimes).

Article 26. Legal capacity of minors aged from fourteen to eighteen years [Civil Code of the Russian Federation] [Chapter 3] [Article 26] 1. Minors aged from fourteen to eighteen years make transactions, with the exception of those mentioned in paragraph 2 of this article, with written consent their legal representatives - parents, adoptive parents or guardian.

Where to go to apply for a passport?

The responsible body for issuing the main document of a citizen of the Russian Federation is the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the place of registration of the teenager. But this government body has not worked directly with citizens for several years. Therefore you need to contact:

to the nearest multifunctional center;
through the State Services portal. To do this you need to have a verified account.

Obtaining a passport at the age of 14 through the MFC occurs upon a personal visit to the teenager with his parents. Receiving a passport at the age of 14 through State Services occurs electronically. To do this, you need to obtain a verified academic record. It happens like this:

you need to go to the official portal;
go through the registration procedure by filling out the form and entering your data. The information is verified within a few hours;
receive a confirmation letter by email;
come to the nearest MFC, tell the employee your login and password. He will confirm the account. Now the applicant has access to all electronic services.

Note! The application is submitted by the teenager himself, but his parent or other legal representative signs documents authorizing the processing of his child’s personal data.

Rights of a teenager from 14 to 18 years old

Despite the fact that upon reaching the age of fourteen, a person can get a job, it is illegal for him to work full time.

Depending on the development (maturation) of the child’s personality, neoplasms in adolescents can appear from the age of 13 and last until the age of 15.

give consent to change your citizenship (Chapter 5 of the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation”);
demand establishment of paternity in relation to your child in court (Article 62 of the RF IC);
work in free time from school (for example, during holidays) with the consent of one of the parents, no more than 4 hours a day with easy working conditions (Article 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
enter into any transactions with the consent of parents or persons replacing them;
the rights of the author of works of science, literature or invention, or other results of his intellectual activity;
make deposits in banks and manage them (Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
participate in a youth public association.

The right to social protection of the child deserves special attention. It boils down to the fact that every child must receive the conditions necessary for his development, both spiritual, physical, moral, and mental. The current rights of the child stipulate that assistance and the necessary protection, all other things being equal, are primarily provided to children.

Why is it not the child himself who signs the contract? The explanation for this can be found in Article 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, already known to us, and in the section of this article entitled “0-6-13”. Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation defines the features of partial legal capacity of minors aged 14 to 18 years.

A 14-year-old teenager can get a temporary job and earn money. Teenagers often want to have money for pocket money and to buy what they want. If until now parents gave money, then from the age of 14 a teenager can start working part-time. To the question “Where does this requirement come from?” the operator will answer: “We have instructions, and all questions should be directed to the head office.” Sberbank of Russia has been particularly successful in drawing up such instructions. Also, minors aged 14 to 18 years have the right to independently exercise their copyrights, however, this rule is rarely used in life.

The provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation force us to retreat and pay attention to children with completely different age values.

What rights do teenagers under 14 have?

Of course, there are not as many of them as in an adult, but, nevertheless, they exist, and parents need to remember this.

Please note: minors cannot be hired for jobs with heavy physical exertion, financial responsibility or production with hazardous chemicals.

Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

from 2 months the child has the right to receive preschool education (Article 67 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);
From the age of 6, a child (in accordance with Article 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) has the right to independently perform:

Responsibility of minors under 14 years of age:

Criminal liability for particularly serious acts committed.
Administrative responsibility falls on the shoulders of the minor and is reimbursed at his own expense, partly at the expense of his parents.

It is proposed to reduce the age to 12 years. This is due to the large number of wild and brutal murders committed by teenagers aged 9 to 14 years. Let's get back to the good stuff. Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation allows for the possibility of concluding an employment contract with a student who has reached the age of 14 to perform light labor in his free time from school.

FROM 14 YEARS OLD, the minor himself bears property responsibility for the damage caused, provided that he has his own income (earnings, scholarship). Legal representatives compensate for the damage caused to minors in the missing part.

Employment of persons over 14 years of age is permitted. Based on Part 3 of Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the mandatory conditions for concluding an employment contract with this category are: written consent of one of the parents (guardian, trustee) and the guardianship and trusteeship authority; work should not interfere with studies; the work should be easy and not cause harm to the teenager’s health.

Article 70 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation indicates that the organization does not have the right to establish a probationary period for a minor. Before starting to work in an organization, a minor is required to undergo a medical examination (Article 266 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Thereafter, the employee must undergo a medical examination annually until he reaches 18 years of age.

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The article will also talk about at what age you can start training, at what age you can get the coveted license, and in what cases you can start driving a car.

But there are also those rights that a person acquires as he grows up. Most often, they directly depend on the legislative structure of the state in which the child was born and raised.

Non-property include:

ensuring viability;
have a family and be raised in it;
availability of full name;
registration at place of residence;
education;
health protection;
leisure;
work;
self-expression;
protection of your rights and interests.

Between the second and third stages of growing up there is an intermediate stage, not distinguished by psychologists as a separate, middle stage - from 14 to 16.

Every child should be a law-abiding citizen of his society, i.e. respect the rights and freedom of others and not commit offenses or crimes. It is also mandatory to receive basic general education.

Already at birth, every person is endowed with a number of rights, the list of which not only increases as he grows up, but is also supplemented by responsibilities.

It is from this moment that he has the opportunity to find a part-time job, but for this he must obtain the consent of his parents. However, he can devote only a few hours a day to her.

Referred to as a minor, has partial legal capacity and CAN: CIVIL LEGAL CAPACITY is the ability to bear rights and responsibilities recognized equally for all citizens from birth to death. Has incomplete legal capacity. From the age of 14, a child HAS THE RIGHT: In accordance with the law, at the age of 14, every citizen of Russia MUST OBTAIN A PASSPORT.

According to the UN Convention, every child has an unconditional right to life, development and protection of his rights. Children also have the right to an active life in society. A teenager also has certain rights in the family. So, starting from the age of 14, children can already manage their own money and, if necessary, invest it in bank accounts.

From the age of 6 the following are added: Rights:

make small everyday transactions, make transactions aimed at obtaining benefits free of charge, which do not require notarization or state registration;
make transactions to dispose of funds provided by parents or other people, with the consent of the parents, for a specific purpose or free disposal. (Article 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Step-by-step instructions for obtaining a passport at 14 years old

What do you need to get a passport at 14 years old? The procedure is regulated. This is done like this:

a set of necessary documents is collected;
contacting the authorized body in any available legal way;
payment of the passport fee at age 14;
processing information from the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation;
obtaining a passport.

The document will be ready within 10 days after registration, provided that a complete set of documents is provided and the correct information is indicated in the application.

Through State Services

The application for obtaining the main document of a citizen of the Russian Federation through the State Services portal proceeds as follows:

authorization on the portal through the Unified Identification and Autonomous Authorization using a login and password;
choice of electronic service;
preparation of documents in electronic PDF format;
filling out an application electronically;
Documentation needs to be attached;
sending a bundle of documents to the department.

After the department accepts the documents for consideration, a confirmation letter will be sent to your email. Now you need to go to the nearest multifunctional center with the originals. A FC employee will conduct a reconciliation.

Through MFC

Submission of documents through the MFC is carried out by a teenager in the presence of a parent or other legal representative. You can come to the multifunctional center at any time or by appointment. It can be done by phone or through the State Services portal, the official website of the MFC.

Submission of documents occurs as follows:

visiting the MFC;
contacting the responsible employee;
submission of originals of the required documentation. The MFC employee will make copies himself, certify them with his signature and the “My Documents” seal;
sending the kit to the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the place of registration of the applicant;
receiving the document within a specified time.

Note! The child independently signs the application for a passport. But the parent or other legal representative must also put his personal signature.

What rights are given upon reaching 14 years of age?

Children aged 16 years have partial legal capacity. They can be sexually active and, under special circumstances, enter into an official marriage.

At what age do you get a license for motorcycles? Unlike the situation with mopeds and light motorcycles, the procedure for obtaining licenses for category “A” is strictly regulated.

But there are also those rights that a person acquires as he grows up. Most often, they directly depend on the legislative structure of the state in which the child was born and raised. In this article we will look at the rights of children over 14 years of age in Russia, what features are inherent in this age category.

Rights of children at different ages

The main regulatory act devoted to this topic is the Family Code of the Russian Federation. There are other laws regarding the rights of minors. Here are the laws that regulate the rights and obligations of minors in Russia:

Constitution of the Russian Federation;
Civil Code of Russia;
Labor Code of the Russian Federation;
Federal Law No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation”;
Federal Law No. 159 “On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children left without parental care”;
Federal Law No. 124 “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation”;
Federal Law No. 49 “On Guardianship and Trusteeship”.

All children in Russia have the opportunity to:

grow up in a family;
to be brought up by their parents, and in their absence, by guardians, trustees, and, in extreme cases, by specialized children's institutions;
know who his parents are;
live with biological parents and receive proper care from them. The only exception is if this is contrary to the interests of the child and, moreover, puts his health and life at risk;
communicate with blood relatives;
enjoy the right to respect;
receive comprehensive development;
receive protection;
Express ones opinion;
have a surname, name and patronymic, and if desired, change them;
be provided with the means to live. This also includes the right to personal income.

All the rights and obligations of minors in the Russian Federation are described in detail in Chapter 11 of the Family Code of Russia. The child receives all these opportunities from birth.

From the age of 6, he also receives the right to:

small household transactions;
visiting school;
independent management of pocket money;
receiving gifts.

From the age of 8, the opportunity to participate in a children's public association is added.

From the age of 10, they are given the freedom to give consent to the restoration of parental rights to their natural parents (Article 72 of the Family Code of Russia), to adoption or transfer to a foster family (Article 132 of the Family Code of Russia). From this age, his opinion on all family issues that affect his life is taken into account. And he gets the opportunity to be heard during administrative or judicial proceedings.

From the age of 14, citizens have the right:

go to court on your own;
receive passports;
work with the consent of one of the parents for no longer than 4 hours during free time from school;
open bank deposits.

After your 16th birthday you have the opportunity to:

work up to 36 hours a week;
study for a driver's license;
under special circumstances - to marry;
undergo the emancipation procedure: gain full legal capacity.

A child’s opportunities become more and more as time goes on. This is what the rights and responsibilities of a teenager are for:

smoothly prepare him for adult life;
learn to cope first with a small circle of obligations and freedoms, then expanding it;
ensure safety and good living conditions;
guarantee education;
give him the right to independently regulate certain aspects of his life.

Manifestations of psychological neoplasms in adolescents aged 14–16 years

From the age of 14, you have the right to independently manage your personal income: scholarships and earnings. You can already open deposits in banks, receive personal plastic cards and make small everyday transactions.

A fourteen-year-old citizen of the Russian Federation is vested with special powers in relation to civil, family and labor rights. Let's look at all these aspects below in the article.

Even children over 14 years of age have the right to drive a two-wheeler with an engine capacity not exceeding 50 cubic centimeters.

What rights do children have?

Every child should know their rights in order to use them when necessary. Since children do not have access to information that would inform every child about their rights in a clear and accessible form, and from their parents and other adults one can often only hear “you must . “Children need to be told about their rights. From an early age we must accustom them to the idea that they are citizens, just like adults.

All child rights can be divided into two types:

property, which include:

the right to receive maintenance from one's parents and other family members;

the right to receive child benefits and maternity capital from our Motherland;

the right of ownership of income received by him, of property acquired with the child’s funds;

the right to own and use the property of parents with their consent when living together with them;

non-property, which include:

in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions.

live and be raised in a family;

communicate with parents and other relatives;

to protect their rights and legitimate interests;

express your opinion, as well as take into account the opinion of a child who has reached 10 years of age.

In addition, with different relationships, parents may have various kinds of questions, the resolution of which has a special nature, for example:

provision of medical services, incl. — vaccinations;

relations when passing the State Examination and the Unified State Exam;

Rights of a child depending on his age

Another criterion by which all the rights of a child can be divided is his age:

From birth, every child has the right to:

citizenship (Article 6 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 12 of the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation”, according to which a child acquires citizenship of the Russian Federation by birth if on the child’s birthday both of his parents or his only parent have citizenship of the Russian Federation (i.e. according to the principle "right of blood");

has the right to protect his rights and legitimate interests (Article 56 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

health protection (Article 41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);

live and be raised in a family, know your parents, receive from them protection of your rights and legitimate interests (Article 54 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

communicate with parents and other relatives (Article 55 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Also, from birth, every person has legal capacity , i.e. the ability to have civil rights and bear responsibilities (Article 17 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

from 2 months the child has the right to receive preschool education (Article 67 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

From the age of 6, a child (in accordance with Article 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) has the right to independently perform:

small household transactions (i.e. transactions that are insignificant in amount and are aimed at satisfying the child’s household needs, i.e. his personal consumer needs, which are covered by the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Protection of Consumer Rights”);

transactions aimed at obtaining benefits free of charge, which do not require notarization or state registration;

transactions for the disposal of funds provided by a legal representative or with the consent of the latter by a third party for a specific purpose or for free disposal.

from 6 years and 6 months, a child has the right to receive primary school education (Article 67 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

from the age of 8, a child has the right to join children's public associations (Article 19 of the Federal Law “On Public Associations”).

Rights of a child from 10 years of age

From the age of 10, a child has the right:

express his opinion when deciding in the family any issue affecting his interests, as well as be heard during any judicial or administrative proceedings. Taking into account the opinion of a child who has reached the age of ten is mandatory, except in cases where this is contrary to his interests (Article 57 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

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express his opinion about which of his parents, who are divorcing the marriage in court, he would like to live with after the divorce (Articles 57 and 65 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

give consent to change your first and (or) last name (clause 4 of Article 59, clause 4 of Article 134 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, clause 3 of Article 143 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

give consent to the restoration of parental rights (clause 4 of Article 72 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

give consent to your adoption or transfer to a foster family (clause 1 of Article 132 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

give consent to the entry of the adoptive parents in the birth register as the parents of the child adopted by them (clause 2 of Article 136 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

give consent to the appointment of a guardian (clause 4 of Article 145 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation).

Rights of a child from 14 years of age:

give written consent for the acquisition or termination of Russian citizenship (Article 9 of the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation”);

can choose (with the consent of the parents) place of residence (Articles 20, 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

make any transactions (with the written consent of the parents - Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

has the right to independently dispose of his earnings, scholarships, and other income (Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

exercise the rights of the author, the result of his intellectual activity protected by law (Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

make deposits in credit institutions and manage them (Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

conclude (with the consent of one of the parents) an employment contract (Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);

demand cancellation of adoption in cases specified in the law;

learn to drive a motorcycle;

join youth public associations (Article 19 of the Federal Law “On Public Associations”).

Responsibilities of a child from 14 years of age:

obtain a passport (clause 1 of the Regulations on the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 8, 1997 No. 828);

be responsible for your actions in the form of:

property liability for concluded transactions, as well as for causing property damage (Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

criminal liability for serious crimes (Article 20 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Rights of a child from 15 years of age:

leave (with the consent of the parents) the general education organization until receiving basic general education (Articles 43, 66 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”)).

Rights of a child over 16 years of age:
may be declared fully capable ( emancipation ) if he works under an employment contract or is engaged in entrepreneurial activities (Article 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
may be a member of a cooperative (Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
enter into marriage with the permission of local government bodies if there are good reasons (Article 21 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 13 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);
can obtain a license to drive a motorcycle;
has the right to independently conclude an employment contract (Article 63 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
Responsibilities of a child over 16 years of age:
bears administrative responsibility;
bears criminal liability for any crimes.
From the age of 17, a child has the right to take a test to drive a vehicle of categories “B” and “C”.
At the age of 17, a citizen is required to register for primary military registration and receive a registration certificate.
Citizen's rights from the age of 18.
An eighteen-year-old citizen becomes fully capable (of age) and can acquire any rights through his actions, including the right to:
to elect and be elected in elections;
buy alcohol and tobacco;
obtain the right to drive a vehicle of category “B” and “C”;
join a political party.
Responsibilities of a citizen from 18 years of age (in addition to the responsibilities set out above):
fulfill military duty;
bear civil liability for any obligations assumed.
From the age of 20, a citizen can obtain the right to drive a category “D” vehicle, as well as trams and trolleybuses.
From the age of 21, a citizen can be elected to the legislative bodies of state power.

Responsibility for late registration of a passport

The legal deadline for obtaining a passport is 30 days after the child reaches 14 years of age. But no liability is provided for violation of deadlines at this age.

According to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, a citizen of the Russian Federation can only be held accountable for late receipt of the main document from the age of 16. Therefore, a child can go without a passport for 2 years, and no one will force him to get one.

If he applies for a document at the age of 16, he will immediately be issued a receipt to pay the fine. Until it is repaid, you will not receive a passport. The amount is quite impressive - from 2 to 3 thousand rubles, and for Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol even higher - from 3 to 5 thousand rubles.

In Soviet times, parents were held accountable, and they paid the fine for their child. In Russia, parents can be involved under Art. 5.35 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, proving that the failure of a child to receive a passport is the result of negligence on the part of adults. That is, the parents do not fulfill their duties towards the minors and do not monitor him, so he has overdue the deadline for submitting documents.

But prosecution under this article can only be carried out if a combination of factors is present. If the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, the PDN and other structures become interested in the family, then the parents may be deprived of their rights in relation to their children. For missing the deadline for obtaining a passport, such cases are quite rare.

Concepts: child, young child, parent

Before discussing further the rights of the child, it is necessary to define the following concepts:

a child is a person under 18 years of age (Article 54 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

a young child is a minor under 14 years of age (Article 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

parents are those persons who are obliged to take care of children and their upbringing (Article 38 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

Also quite often there are concepts that are not defined by law, but are defined by law enforcement practice. These concepts include:

What laws talk about children's rights?

The basic rights of the child are set out in:

Declaration of the Rights of the Child, proclaimed by Resolution 1386 (XIV) of the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1959.

The Declaration established 10 principles that everyone who wanted to ensure their children a happy childhood was encouraged to follow:

Principle 1 - the child must have all the rights specified in the Declaration.

Principle 2: The child shall be provided, by law and other means, with special protection and with opportunities and favorable conditions to enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity.

Principle 3 - a child should have the right to a name and citizenship from birth.

Principle 4 - the child must benefit from social security.

Principle 5 - a child who is physically, mentally or socially disabled should be provided with the special treatment, education and care necessary in view of his special condition.

Principle 6 - a child needs love and understanding for the full and harmonious development of his personality.

Principle 7 - The child has the right to education, which should be free and compulsory, at least in the initial stages.

Principle 8 - The child should, in all circumstances, be among those first to receive protection and assistance.

Principle 9 - The child must be protected from all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation.

Principle 10 - The child must be protected from practices that may encourage racial, religious or any other form of discrimination.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (adopted November 20, 1989).

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, which provides:

— ensuring state support for family, motherhood, paternity and childhood (Article 7);

- motherhood and childhood, as well as the family are under the protection of the state (Article 38).

The Family Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for the following rights of the child:

- live and be raised in a family (Article 54);

- know your parents and communicate with them (Articles 54, 55);

- to the care of parents (Article 54);

- to live together with parents (Article 54);

- to protect their rights and legitimate interests (Article 56);

- express your opinion, which must be taken into account if the child has reached the age of 10 years (Article 57);

- to first name, patronymic, last name (Article 58) and change of last name and first name (Article 59).

Protection of the rights of minors

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Protection of the rights of minors

Regulatory documentation on children's rights:

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Constitution of the Russian Federation
Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation” dated July 24, 1998
civil code of the Russian Federation
Family Code of the Russian Federation
Declaration of the Rights of the Child

Based on the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation” dated July 24, 1998, “a child from birth belongs and is guaranteed by the state the rights ....”.

When children receive medical care, they are subject to the rights of the patient enshrined in the “Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on the Protection of Citizens’ Health.”

Due to age characteristics, physical and mental development, children are not able to fully understand their interests, use their rights and, if necessary, defend them independently; this is the responsibility of the child’s legal representatives (mother, father) until the child turns 15 years old, After which the child has the right to make decisions independently.

Brief information about the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

On November 20, 1989, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is today international law.

The USSR ratified this Convention (the date of ratification by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was June 13, 1990), the Convention entered into force for the Russian Federation on September 15, 1990.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child provides equal rights for children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Right to life and development. The right to a peaceful childhood and protection from violence. The right to be respected for your way of thinking. The interests of the child must always be taken into account first.

Countries that have acceded to the Convention are obliged to make maximum use of all available means to ensure the rights of the child.

Summary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child consists of 54 articles. All of them are equally important and operate both in peacetime and during armed conflicts.

Article 1

A child is every person in the world under 18 years of age.

Article 2

Every child, regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, wealth or social origin, has all the rights provided for in this Convention. No one should be discriminated against.

Article 3

The interests of the child must always be taken into account first.

Article 4

States that have ratified the Convention must endeavor to implement, to the best of all resources at their disposal, the social, economic and cultural rights of the child. If resources are insufficient, solutions must be sought through international cooperation.

Every child has the right to life and the state is obliged to ensure the survival and healthy development of the child by supporting his mental, emotional, mental, social and cultural level.

Article 7

The child has the right to a name and nationality. The child has the right, as far as possible, to know who his parents are. The child has the right to count on care from his parents.

Article 9

A child should not live separately from his parents against his will, unless it is in his best interests. A child who does not live with his parents has the right to see them regularly.

Article 10

Requests from family members living in different countries who wish to join must be dealt with kindly, humanely and quickly,

Article 12-15

The child has the right to express his opinion on all issues relevant to him. When the court and authorities consider cases concerning a child, it is necessary to hear his testimony and act primarily in his interests. The child's rights to freedom of thought, conscience and religion must be respected.

Article 18

Parents have general and primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child. They must first think about the interests of the child

Article 19

A child has the right to protection from physical and mental abuse, neglect, or being taken advantage of by parents or guardians.

Articles 20-21

A child who has lost his family has the right to alternative care. When adopting, states are required to look after the best interests of the child in accordance with applicable laws.

Article 22

A refugee child arriving alone, with his parents or a third party has the right to protection and assistance.

Article 23

Any child with physical or mental disabilities has the right to a full and dignified life that ensures active participation in society.

Article 24

The child has the right to comprehensive medical care. All countries have a responsibility to work to reduce child mortality rates, combat disease and malnutrition, and eliminate traditional and unhealthy practices.

Pregnant women and new mothers have the right to health care.

Articles 28 – 29

The child has the right to free primary education. Education must prepare the child for life, develop respect for human rights and educate in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance and friendship between peoples.

Article 30

A child belonging to a national minority or indigenous population has the right to his own language, culture and religion.

Article 31

The child has the right to games, rest and leisure.

Article 32

The child has the right to protection from economic exploitation and hard work that harms or interferes with education and endangers the child's health.

Article 33

The child has the right to protection from illegal drug use.

Article 34

The child has the right to protection from all forms of sexual violence and use in prostitution and pornography.

Article 35

The theft, sale or trafficking of children must be suppressed.

Article 37

The child must not be subjected to torture or other cruelty, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. A child should not be unlawfully or arbitrarily deprived of his liberty. A child should not be punished with life imprisonment or the death penalty. Every child deprived of his liberty must be treated humanely and with respect. The child has the right to immediately receive legal assistance. A child in detention has the right to contact and meetings with his family.

Article 38

A child under 15 years of age should not be used for direct participation in armed conflicts. It is prohibited to recruit children of this age as soldiers to participate in armed conflicts.

Article 39

A child who is a victim of abuse, exploitation, neglect, torture, armed conflict or other inhumane treatment has the right to rehabilitation and adjustment to society.

Article 40

A child accused of a crime or convicted of punishable acts has the right to treatment that promotes respect both for himself and for the rights and fundamental freedoms of others.

Article 41

Convention rights do not apply if other national laws provide the child with better opportunities to exercise his or her rights.

Article 42

States that have acceded to the Convention undertake to disseminate information about the provisions and principles of the Convention among adults and children.

Articles 43 – 45

Regulations on the activities of countries that have acceded to the Convention in its implementation. The UN Observatory Committee monitors the reports of the countries participating in the Convention. UN bodies and voluntary organizations also have the right to participate in informing the UN.

Articles 46 – 54

Rules regarding the accession of states to the Convention and the timing of their entry into force. Reservations that are contrary to the purposes and purposes of the Convention cannot be permitted.