How many years do you need to work to retire?

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Published: 01/28/2019

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Work experience is usually called the totality of all periods of official work activity of a citizen before retirement.

• Changes in length of service in recent years Reform 2018
• Past changes regarding the minimum insurance period

Currently, the concept of insurance period has been introduced (this is the period during which the employer pays insurance premiums for the employee), which most often coincides with the labor period.

What is the minimum length of service for pension payment?

Work experience is the total duration of work and other activities. For the payment of a pension, the insurance period is important, i.e. the periods of time when a person received income and the employer made contributions to the Pension Fund for the person. If it is less than established by law, then he will not be able to be assigned an old-age insurance pension.

The minimum period of work is not the only condition for assigning insurance pension payments. In the Russian Federation, the so-called point system is used. A person needs to score a certain number of points (receive the appropriate individual pension coefficient (IPC)), otherwise, even if he has the required period for paying insurance premiums, he will not be assigned an old-age insurance pension.

It is also useful to read: How pension points are calculated

Important! Disabled people receive insurance pension payments provided they work at least 1 day.

The system with points and insurance (work) experience began to be used in 2015. Before this time period, different rules applied.

It is also useful to read: How to increase pension points

How to apply

Making payments involves a certain sequence of actions. It looks like this step by step - you need to:

1. Collect the necessary documentation confirming the length of service and benefits provided.
2. Prepare an application for the Pension Fund and submit it along with a package of documents.
3. If necessary, you must provide the required documentation.
4. Find out about the positive decision and start receiving pension payments.

Where to contact

An application for receiving payments is submitted to the local branch of the Pension Fund of Russia (PFR). Another option is to do this through the Multifunctional Center (MFC). In this case, the recipient of payments can:

• contact in person;
• use the services of a legal representative;
• fill out an application electronically on the Pension Fund website;
• send the document by mail;
• do this with the help of your employer.

Russian citizens who have traveled abroad must submit an application directly to the Pension Fund (Moscow, Shabolovka St., 4). In all cases, the date of application will be considered the day when the application was accepted (the letter was sent), and if the document is prepared in electronic form, the time of submission via the Internet. It is necessary to take into account that it is necessary to prepare and submit an application no earlier than a month before the retirement date.

What documents are needed

In addition to the application, it is necessary to submit a number of documents confirming that the applicant is entitled to an old-age pension in 2018. The package of documents must include:

• passport of a Russian citizen (or residence permit for foreigners);
• document on compulsory pension insurance (SNILS);
• work book and other documents confirming work experience and its duration;
• data on average monthly earnings for the last 5 years;
• supporting documents in the presence of additional circumstances (for example, early retirement for workers in the Far North).

Appointment dates

An application submitted to the Pension Fund of Russia is considered within ten working days from the date of submission or mailing, while 3 months are given to prepare the documentation package. If this deadline is not met, the submission time is considered to be the day the last document was submitted. Payments are assigned from the time the application is submitted, but not earlier than the required age. However, if an employee quits his job and prepares an application within 30 days, payments can be assigned earlier than the day of application and the pension is assigned from the next day after completion of work.

Pension payments are made every month. At the same time, the recipient can choose the delivery method convenient for him. In addition to the recipient himself, a pension can be issued to a trusted person - this requires a power of attorney and annual confirmation of the pensioner’s registration at the place of receipt.

Existing methods for delivering pension payments provide the recipient with the opportunity to choose the option that is suitable for him (by notifying the Pension Fund about this via a personal request or by logging into his personal account on the website). These are options such as:

• Using Russian Post - home delivery or collection at the post office. When delivering to your home, a schedule is set and the end date of the delivery period is determined - it will be different for different post offices, so it needs to be clarified in advance. If pension payments are not claimed within six months, they are suspended until the circumstances are clarified.
• Through the bank - directly at the branch or with a transfer to a plastic card. Money is transferred without commission, on the day the funds are received from the Pension Fund, and you can withdraw them from the card at any time. From July 1, 2017, for pension payments, banks issue exclusively plastic cards of the national payment system “Mir”.
• Through an organization engaged in the delivery of pension payments - a complete list of these organizations is on the Pension Fund website. The procedure for receiving it is the same as using Russian Post - at the company’s office or with home delivery.

Types of work experience

Russian legislation regulating pension payments actively uses the concept of seniority. But it is necessary to take into account that there are different types of it, each of which plays an important role in certain situations.

The following types of work experience are distinguished:

1. General – takes into account the total duration of work or activity useful to society. Calculated on a calendar basis. Actively used until 2002.
2. Insurance – the total duration of activity when insurance premiums were paid. This is what is used now when determining the possibility of assigning a pension.
3. Special – periods when a person worked in a profession or under conditions that provided for the assignment of pension payments on preferential terms or in a special manner. Plays an important role in determining the start time of payments. It includes a significantly limited list of activities.
4. Continuous – the duration of continuous work at 1 enterprise or in several organizations, if the transition period does not exceed the norms established by law. Currently, this concept has been completely eliminated in the pension system.

It is also useful to read: How to calculate total work experience

The most important factors for assigning pension payments are insurance and special service. The age at which a person can retire and various payment parameters directly depend on them.

Length of service refers to special length of service, but it in itself is a legal fact sufficient to assign a pension. If you have the required length of service, the person’s age and other parameters will not be important for assigning a pension.

Read more: What is length of service?

Increasing the working age of the population

It’s sad to realize, but problems exist in the Russian Pension Fund. Due to insufficient funding, there is a need for pension reforms. At the moment, the Ministry of Finance is seriously concerned about the current situation and proposes to pay great attention to solving the problem.

Quite recently, there was a proposal to consider a law on increasing the working age of citizens. But in order to achieve this, it is necessary to improve the quality of social, and most importantly, medical care. If all this is improved, then there will be a real opportunity to raise the scope of working capacity.

Due to the unstable economy, it is currently impossible to make significant changes in these areas. This requires special funding

In 2021, by order of the President, the retirement age was increased for government officials. It was this law that made ordinary citizens nervous. After all, everyone understands that the following changes may affect them too.

Due to the current economic situation in our country, it was decided not to temporarily raise the retirement age. But it is likely that in 2021 everything could change.

What is the minimum length of service for calculating a pension in Russia?

Initially, the system of calculating pensions based on length of service and points began to be used in 2015, but the transition to it is being carried out gradually. Every year the number of points increases, and the period for payment of insurance premiums for retirement increases.

If in 2015, 6 years of payment of insurance premiums and 6.6 points (coefficients) were enough to receive, then in 2021 the requirements are already much higher - 10 years and 16.2 points. In 2024, the requirements for the period for payment of insurance contributions reached its maximum - 15 years (in this case it will be necessary to have at least 28.2 points), and in 2025 the transition to a new system for assigning pensions will be fully completed, and the requirements for the coefficient will increase to the maximum - thirty.

Table. Requirements for the minimum duration of periods for paying insurance premiums and the individual coefficient in different years.

The minimum requirements for IPC and periods for payment of insurance premiums are the same for women and men. But one more condition is that the age attainment will vary.

Reference! In 2021, a law was passed to raise the retirement age. Now there is a gradual increase in it.

Women

Starting from 2021, there is a gradual increase in the age for determining payments from the Pension Fund for women. If before 2021 it was 55 years, then by 2023 it will reach 60 years. The retirement age is raised gradually - 1 year is added annually.

Women who, according to the old rules, were supposed to retire in 2021 and 2021, were given a small benefit. They will be able to arrange payments six months earlier than provided for by the new rules, i.e. at the age of 55.5 and 56.5 years, respectively.

For men

For men, the retirement age is also raised by 5 years. Until 2018, they could retire at age 60 according to standard rules, but from 2023 this will only be possible at age 65. The increase also occurs gradually - 1 year is added to the age of future pensioners annually.

In 2021 and 2021, benefits are also provided for the assignment of pensions six months earlier than required under the new rules.

Experience under special working conditions

Special work experience is the length of service accumulated through special work activities of the following types:

• work in hazardous conditions;
• work in difficult conditions;
• work in special professions;
• work in the Far North or equivalent areas.

The duration of the above types of work for retirement is 10 and 7 years for men and women, respectively, while the total insurance period should be 20 years for men and 15 years for women.

The total amount of compensation upon dismissal for pensioners depends on how exactly the employee was dismissed. When receiving a “gray salary,” the employee loses all payments and this is very unpleasant. What to do with the employer in this case, read in this article.

The employer has no right to violate the deadlines for paying maternity benefits. Read all about the rights of pregnant women to receive payments here.

What periods of work experience are taken into account?

The work experience takes into account according to standard rules the periods when contributions to the Pension Fund were made. This reflects the essence of the ongoing reforms, as a result of which pension provision will have to be based on the insurance principle.

Typically, contributions to the Pension Fund per person are paid by the employer. This rule is met if the citizen is officially employed and the employing organization makes all transfers to extra-budgetary funds required by law. All funds received from the employer are accounted for in a separate personal account, and point coefficients are calculated based on their amount.

All reports to the Pension Fund for the correct assignment of pension benefits in the future are also submitted by the employer. The citizen himself can at any time request from the Pension Fund a certificate of his personal account and find out about the accumulated coefficients and other important information.

Important! If a person operates as an individual entrepreneur, then he pays contributions to the Pension Fund for himself.

Read more: Individual entrepreneur pension

Additional time is included in the length of service when a person is on sick leave, on leave to care for a child up to 1.5 years old, or undergoing military service. If a citizen has to care for a disabled child, an elderly relative, etc., then this time will also be included when calculating the insurance period.

Read more: Is maternity leave included in seniority?

This video talks about periods of work and other periods that are counted towards the insurance period for a pension:

What are “pension points” and how to earn them

As is already known, pension points are a coefficient of pension contributions. It is calculated individually for each potential pensioner. It depends on the percentage deduction from your salary to the Pension Fund.

Individual points are awarded to the personal account of the future pensioner. If you receive a monthly salary that corresponds to one minimum wage, in the end you will be awarded one point. Naturally, if you receive a monthly salary that corresponds to two minimum wages, you will be awarded two points.

You can see for yourself how many points you have already been awarded. All information will be available on the Pension Fund website. To do this, you will need to log into your personal account on the website.

Who can apply for an early retirement pension?

Although the state is raising the retirement age, benefits have been maintained for many categories of the population. They allow you to count on the assignment of collateral from the Pension Fund much earlier.

The main types of benefits for early registration of a labor pension:

1. Professional. If a person works in difficult and/or dangerous conditions, then he may be granted the right to receive security from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation earlier than generally established norms. For example, miners or workers in hot shops can take advantage of this benefit.
2. Territorial. If a citizen works in the Far North, then he can count on the opportunity to finish his working career and retire before reaching the generally established age. These benefits are also available to certain other individuals.
3. Social. Having a certain social status allows you to retire earlier than is established for citizens without such status. For example, mothers with many children, representatives of indigenous peoples, if they lead a traditional lifestyle, etc. have the right to take advantage of such a benefit.

Important! Having the right to benefits does not lead to exemption from the need to fulfill requirements for individual coefficients, deadlines for paying insurance premiums, etc.

Is it possible to receive a pension if there is insufficient or no experience?

The Russian state is rightfully considered social. Even if a person has never officially worked in his life, and deductions have never been made for him to extra-budgetary funds, he will not be left without a means of subsistence in old age.

In the absence or insufficient experience, as well as in a situation where a person has no or insufficient points, he is assigned a social pension. It has several significant differences:

• Can only be assigned to disabled persons. It is impossible to work and receive social pension payments at the same time.
• The size of insurance pension payments, of course, will be greater than social ones. But it's still better than nothing.
• The age for assigning social benefits is higher. It is increased by 5 years and rises along with the standard age for assigning pension benefits.

Read more: Old-age pension without work experience

Having a certain length of work experience is an important condition for assigning pension insurance. If it is not enough, then the person can only count on social pension payments, which are assigned 5 years later. But we must not forget that in order to retire and receive the required monetary support from the state, other conditions must also be met.

Amount of fixed payment to the insurance pension

As of the end of 2021, the fixed pension payment is equal to 4805.11 rubles, which are accrued every month. This amount can be increased if the pensioner is included in the preferential list - then, depending on the category, the amount of the additional payment will be 6246.64-21622.99 rubles. The table shows the categories of citizens who have the right to a monthly fixed payment:

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