Stepmother, stepfather, stepson and stepdaughter as subjects of family legal relations

Updated March 10, 2021
Hello, dear readers of the KtoNaNovenkogo.ru blog. We are used to nouns denoting either an animate or an inanimate object.

But it also happens that one word identifies things that are completely different in essence.

This article will discuss one of these lexical units. Let's figure out who and what a stepson is.

Video

Is the word “stepfather” offensive?
Traditionally, the title of stepfather carries less negative connotations than stepmother. It even became a proverb: “not a mother, but an evil stepmother.” A man in such a situation is automatically considered the center of virtue, because he took a woman “with some weight” as his wife. There is a lot of patriarchal morality and double standards in this; the stepfather does not always become a good friend and a real father. https://youtube.com/watch?v=msdBuh7AUaY

Is it possible to somehow replace this dry and official “stepfather” with other words, less alienating? It can be extremely difficult for a child, in a moral sense, to call his mother’s husband a father, and even more so a dad. In no case should you be forced; this can only intensify confrontation. In some families, as a compromise, it is suggested to be addressed by first name and patronymic, only by first name, or with the prefix “uncle.”

Stepson and stepfather. Very delicate situation

Most often, the child turns out to be against his stepfather, the “new dad.” This happens in 90% of cases. Such a child’s reaction is more than understandable and absolutely normal - he has always had a mother, and a new man is trying to wedge himself between him and his mother, taking away her love, attention and free time... Of course, the child will be dissatisfied.

How to behave correctly as an adult so that your baby can accept a new person in the family?

When tomatoes grow

Since the first stepsons can be seen even on seedlings, you should begin removing them immediately after planting the plants in the ground. The lateral shoots during this period are quite short and thin, and the plants will tolerate their removal without pain. The pinching procedure is quite labor-intensive, especially if a large number of tomatoes are grown. It is recommended to cut off unnecessary shoots in the morning, since before lunch the branches break off more easily and the wound heals faster. It is best to carry out the operation from 9 to 11 o’clock, after which you need to slightly moisten the soil.

The tomato needs to be inspected every week and shoots removed before they grow too large. When plucking large branches, this will be stressful for the plant, which will negatively affect the crop’s yield and may lead to weakening. For tomatoes grown in a greenhouse, the shoots are removed every 6-8 days, in unprotected soil - after 10-12 days

It is important not to allow the length of the shoot to be more than 5 cm. If you want to get large fruits and a decent harvest, the procedure will have to be carried out throughout the summer period

Unnecessary shoots grow most after the formation of the first inflorescences, which requires a close inspection of the plants.

How to distinguish a stepson from a fruit cluster

When pruning, you need to know exactly what to remove. Otherwise, you can simply tear off the flower cluster, which will reduce the yield of the bush. To avoid mistakes, you should carefully inspect the broken shoot. The main differences between the stepson are:

even on a small lateral shoot there are leaves, while the rudiments of flowers are observed on the raceme;
the flower raceme does not develop from the leaf axil, but begins its growth from the stem.

Stepchild on a tomato: 1 - main stem of the plant; 2 - sheet; 3 - stepson (side shoot); 4 - flower brush

stepson

p a

son
1. m.
1) The step-son of one of the spouses, who is related to the other.

2) transfer
Smb. unloved, deprived of help and support. 2. m.
1) A side shoot of a plant that develops in the axils of the leaves of the main stem.

2) A branch located at a slight angle to the axis of the tree trunk.
3. m. obsolete
Princely warrior of boyar origin in Ancient Rus'.

+ STEPSON

— Small Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language

Yul Brynner biography

Yul Brynner (real name Julius Bryner) is an actor who was born in Russia, lived and worked in America, and his parents had Swiss citizenship.

Yul was born on July 11, 1920 in Vladivostok. That year was difficult for their family, as there was a civil war in the country, and four months before his birth, grandfather Yuli, the dispossessed owner of mines and a transport company, died.

Actor Yul Brynner

The parents named their son after his grandfather. Julius spent the first seven years of his life in Vladivostok, growing up as a cocky and wayward boy. When he was 4 years old, his father left the family to join the Moscow Art Theater actress. The usual way of life collapsed.

Brynner's mother obtained permission from the Soviet authorities to travel abroad and emigrated with her children to Harbin (China). Yul studied at the best school, where he showed musical talent. At the age of 10, he already played the guitar beautifully and sang. In 1932, when Japan occupied Manchuria, the mother decided to move with her children to Paris.

Yul Brynner as a child with his family

The move dragged on for almost a year, but Yul already met the autumn of 1933 in the French capital. He did not know the language well, so he studied at a specialized school with a language focus. From the first day, Brynner became a problem student: he smoked, ignored lessons, and fought. He was soon expelled. He transferred to the lyceum, but even there he was not distinguished by diligence, although teachers noted his intelligence and artistry.

One day, at the Hermitage restaurant, Yul Brynner met the Dmitrievich gypsy family. They sang romances. Soon 14-year-old Yul joined their team. The public enthusiastically received his performances - clients came to listen to his expressive voice. But the collaboration with the ensemble did not last long - everyone had their own plans.

Yul Brynner in his youth

Yul worked as a lifeguard on the beach, then performed in the circus for two years, but a fall from a trapeze and multiple fractures put an end to his circus career. During treatment, he was given opium instead of painkillers - the guy realized that he was addicted. After his discharge, he often visited the dock, where he bought drugs from Vietnamese sailors. There he met the poet and playwright Jean Cocteau and became interested in drama.

For a year, Yul Brynner was treated for addiction in Switzerland - in 1938 he returned to Paris and never touched drugs again. But a new shock awaited him - his mother was sick with leukemia. Something had to be done - Brynner decided to treat his mother in Harbin. There he met his father and his second wife Ekaterina Kornakova.

Yul Brynner

It was conversations with actress Kornakova that awakened in the young man a love for theater and stage. She gave her stepson a letter of recommendation to Mikhail Chekhov, who was then living in America. In 1941, Yul began studying acting under his guidance. At the same time, he worked as a loader, driver, and announcer on Voice of America radio.

Who is the stepson

Stepfather is who is stepfather meaning of the word

And in some cases, it happens that a stepdaughter or stepson maintains a closer and more trusting relationship with their stepmother or stepfather than with their parent, for example, if the parent abuses alcohol. Finally, it should be taken into account that if you do not recognize the stepfather or stepmother , stepson or stepdaughter of persons in all cases where the marriage is terminated by dissolution or recognition as invalid, the risk of property transferring as escheat to public entities increases. Stepsons, stepdaughters, stepfather and stepmother are classified by the legislator as the last priority preceding inheritance by public entities

It seems that the state should ensure the transfer of property during inheritance, primarily to private individuals. In this regard, the experience of legal regulation of inheritance by stepfather and stepmother, stepson and stepdaughters of the testator in the CIS countries is interesting.

O.E. Regarding funds stored in a bank account - on the basis of a testamentary disposition of rights to these funds according to the rules provided for in Art. 1124 - 1129 Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The testator, as a legally capable person, independently determines the circle of his heirs. If property is bequeathed to several persons without indicating in the will the size of specific shares of each of them, then such property is considered bequeathed in equal shares to each heir. The testator has the right to cancel, change in part the will he previously drew up at any time, or draw up a new one without giving reasons. The will is interpreted in the literal sense of the will contained in it

Important A person whose interests guaranteed by law are violated by a will has the right to challenge it in full or its individual components in court. Before the opening of the inheritance, challenging the will is impossible (Article. A stepson and stepdaughter have the right to a labor pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner on an equal basis with their own children, if they were raised and supported by a deceased stepfather or stepmother, which are confirmed in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. In the case of perception The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation will change the subject of proof of the proposed approach in cases of this category

It will consist of the following circumstances: 1) the fact of being married (entering into it) with the parent of the stepson or stepdaughter; 2) the fact of the plaintiff’s upbringing and maintenance by the testator, if we are talking about a stepson or stepdaughter, or the fact of the plaintiff’s upbringing and maintenance of a stepson or stepdaughter, if we are talking about a stepfather or stepmother, for at least five years. Based on the presented material, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1 .

Legal assistance! Moscow and region

St. Petersburg and region.

Federal number

Can an adopted child claim the inheritance of his natural father?

Heirs are entities who receive some material benefits after the death of a person. They mean both property (movable and immovable) and property rights.

The transfer of ownership of property is carried out in the manner prescribed by law: each subsequent stage is allowed to participate in the division only if there are no heirs of the previous one.

Moreover, within one queue, the shares of each participant are presumed to be equal. In some cases their size may be revised or changed.

Let's start with the simplest thing, namely inheritance by will. Let us remind you that it allows you to bypass any procedure established by law and transfer property to someone who is not indicated in the will. So, according to the will written by the child, the stepfather will be able to receive any property in any amount, regardless of whether he is a relative or not.

When transferring an inheritance under a will to a stepdaughter or stepson, there are often no problems. The division of inherited property is carried out according to a testamentary act, which comes into force after the death of the stepfather. If the inheritance is money that is in a bank account, then its receipt by the heir is regulated by Articles No. 1124-1129 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the Consumer also has the right to demand full compensation for losses caused to him in connection with deficiencies in the work performed (service provided).

In addition, the acquired “kinship” gives the child inheritance rights in relation to other relatives through the adoptive parent - his children, brothers and sisters, grandparents, aunts, uncles and other more distant relatives. Before being granted Russian citizenship, registration at the place of residence is not required (and in the bodies of the migration chamber) of the specified social protection authorities.

Let's move on to a more complex case, namely, inheritance in the order of the general queue. Lines of succession apply if a will has not been drawn up. In general, it is quite simple - property is distributed in a simple manner - from close relatives to distant ones. There are seven queues in total (not counting the Russian Federation itself, which receives an inheritance only when everyone has refused it). Their order is as follows:

The first is close relatives: mother, father, spouse, children;
The second is brothers and sisters, grandparents;
The third is uncles and aunts;
The fourth is great-grandparents;
Fifth - distant relatives: second cousins, uncles, aunts, brothers, sisters, etc.;
The sixth is relatives of distant relatives;
The seventh are indirect relatives.

Read about how a call to inheritance by law occurs here.

Since the stepfather, from the point of view of the law, is not a parent, but at the same time participates in raising the child, he falls into the seventh line of inheritance. And this means only one thing - the stepfather will be able to count on the property only if absolutely all other relatives have abandoned the property, have not claimed rights to it, or simply do not exist.

However, there is a way to get around this system, which seems very unfair to many. And this method is adoption. If the natural father died or renounced his rights, then the stepfather can carry out the adoption procedure, which will not only give him some rights and obligations that apply in the relationship between him and the child, but also equate him in inheritance law with blood relatives.

If during his lifetime the stepfather did not leave a testamentary act, then after death the inheritance will be distributed according to the law and depend on the line of succession. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation distinguishes eight circles of hereditary order in relation to the deceased testator. Seventh in line will be the stepsons and stepdaughters.

Family ties

between the stepfather-testator and the stepson/stepdaughter by the heirs are confirmed by documents. Heirs must necessarily confirm the existence of a marriage between their mother and deceased stepfather.

A stepdaughter/stepson can receive inherited property only if the marriage between mother and stepfather is annulled before the opening of the inheritance case, only due to the death of the testator (stepfather). If the marriage was dissolved during the life of the testator, then the stepdaughter/stepson are not considered as heirs.

To inherit according to the law, it is necessary to document the existence of marriage and family relations, as well as the fact of adoption.

After the death of my biological father, I filed a claim to establish the fact of recognition of paternity, the claim was satisfied, and the decision entered into legal force. I am the only heir by law; during the consideration of the case, the deadline for entering into an inheritance was missed. When the deadline for entering into an inheritance was restored, the city administration was involved as an interested party, which became so interested in the inheritance that it filed an appeal against the court decision, challenging the establishment of the recognition of paternity. Does the city administration really have the right to do this?

After the death of his father, the child was adopted by another person. The child's grandfather recently died. There remains a share in the apartment. There are no more first line heirs. There is only my grandfather's sister. There is no clause in the adoption court decision whether the child maintains a relationship with the parent or not, because my own father died.

Does a child have the right to inheritance if adopted after the death of a parent? The act of adoption serves as a reason for making changes to the child's birth registration record. And on the basis of this, a new birth certificate can be issued. Formally, this equalizes the status of biological and adopted children and makes them equal heirs.

Dear Olga! Family law does not provide for the right of a father to abandon a child. Paternity is completely lost only at the time of adoption. In reality, this does not happen so often, since the line of inheritance by law usually does not reach a distant relative. Not to mention the will, thanks to which this entire order can be canceled.

Dear Oksana! You will need to prove that you are in need, then in this case you can claim any property, but also with your spouse, including bequeathed property. But, unfortunately, you need to deal with such property in the FMS about your birth of a child. He never calls you on this issue.

Can I claim an inheritance if my father dies? My Biological father did not pay child support, since my mother did not apply for recognition of paternity, there is a non-existent person on my birth certificate. My father has two more adult children, we know each other personally; as a child he bought things and a phone twice.

Adopted children and their offspring in relation to adoptive parents and their relatives, and adoptive parents and their relatives in relation to adopted children and their offspring are equal in personal non-property and property rights and obligations to relatives by origin.2.

My parents divorced when I was 2 years old. After that, my mother remarried and her second husband adopted me. My own father recently died. Do I have the right to inheritance? I didn’t communicate with my father; I found out about his death by accident. In accordance with Art. 4 of the Federal Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights dated 02/07/1992 N 2300–1, the contractor is obliged to perform work, provide a service, the quality of which corresponds to the purposes of use.

What is stepsoning

In the field of vegetable growing, pinching is an agrotechnical technique that is aimed at increasing the yield of tomatoes or other crops. The procedure promotes optimal development of bushes as a result of its correct formation. The event involves the removal of excess non-fruit-bearing, but nutrient-consuming, branches. Tomatoes are one of the garden crops that are characterized by active branching of bushes.

As plants develop, lateral processes, called stepsons, begin to form from the leaf axils. They are considered useless because they take away nutrition from the fruit. By carrying out the pinching procedure, you can not only correctly form the plants, but also increase the yield, since only fruiting branches remain on the bush. If the bushes are not pruned, a lot of green mass grows to the detriment of the harvest. Since the stepsoning procedure can have different schemes, it is worth dwelling on this technique in more detail.

Removing stepchildren helps increase yield

Stepson - who is this, if you look up the meaning of the word in dictionaries?

This word has several meanings. Firstly, this is the stepson of one of the spouses and the natural son of the other. That is, he may be the natural son of, for example, his wife, but his step-husband, or vice versa. Often the step-son does not receive the required amount of attention and experiences adversity of various kinds. In literature, the stepson is often persecuted by his stepmother and does all the dirty work in the house. There is another option - he can be so beautiful that his stepmother falls in love with him.

Setting out to figure out who the stepson is, you can find another meaning of this word in dictionaries, but we will not consider it. This is the name of the side shoot of a plant growing from the axils of the leaves. But this is a topic for another article.

Terms of consanguinity

In addition to modern concepts of degree of relationship, it turns out that there are also more ancient names for relatives in use.

When getting acquainted with the terms of kinship relationships, you should remember that the terms of consanguinity consist of keywords and definitions of the degree of kinship:

Grandmother, grandmother - mother of father or mother, wife of grandfather.
Brother - each of the sons of the same parents.
Bro, bro, bro, bro, bro - cousin.
Bratanna is her brother’s daughter, niece.
Brother - a relative in general, cousin or distant.
Bratych - brother's son, nephew.
Grandson - the son of a daughter, son, as well as the sons of a nephew or niece.
Granddaughter, grandson - the daughter of a son, daughter, as well as the daughter of a nephew or niece.
Grandfather is the father of the mother or father.
Dedina, grandfather - uncle's aunt.
Dedich is the direct heir of his grandfather.
A daughter is a female person in relation to her parents.
Dsherich is his aunt's nephew.
Daughter's aunt's niece.

Uncle is the brother of father or mother. Thus, uncle and aunt are the brother and sister of the mother or father. “The aunt has a darling nephew, and the uncle has a niece,” notes popular wisdom.

A mother is a female person in relation to her children.
A father is a male person in relation to his children.
The father is the eldest in the generation.
Fatherlander, stepfather - son, heir.
Nephew is the son of a brother or sister.
Nephew and niece are the son and daughter of a brother or sister.

Great-nephews are the grandchildren of a brother or sister.

In a relatively recent era, these native Russian terms of kinship were supplemented by the French in origin words cousin and cousin, denoting first cousins, as well as any distant blood relatives in the same tribe.

Niece is the daughter of a brother or sister.
Nephew - relative, relative.
Progenitors are the first known pedigree couple from which the family originates.

Does a stepson have the right to inherit after the death of his stepfather?

Another very difficult question is what percentage of the value of the inherited property the stepfather pays. The answer, again, lies in how exactly his relationship with the child was documented. If a stepfather receives an inheritance without registering paternity, he in any case pays 0.6% of the value of the property transferred to him.

Information!

It’s a completely different matter if the stepfather has officially formalized paternity. This procedure completely equates him to close relatives, including in matters of payment of duties and taxes. Thus, the stepfather will have to pay only 0.3% of the value of the property - the same as the natural father would pay.

I propose to start with small clarifications in order to understand the essence, and then we will immediately move on directly to the issue of the article.

Inheritance can occur either by will or by law. Inheritance by law occurs when the testator has not made a will, then a certain order of heirs begins to work, more on that a little later.

And if the testator left a will, then the inheritance takes place within the framework of the will, that is, everyone who is indicated in the will enters into the inheritance. In this case, inheritance by law does not occur, since there is a will and the order in this case does not matter.

What is the line of heirs?

In the case where a will has not been drawn up, inheritance, as I said above, takes place according to the law, and there are heirs of the first priority, these are the legal spouse of the testator, the parents of the testator and his children, including those not yet born.

Does an unborn child have the right to inheritance?

If there are no heirs of the first stage, then the heirs of the second stage have the right to enter into the inheritance, and so on.

You have been given the wrong answer. Your son is the first priority heir after the death of his father. Changing your last name does not matter, because... there was no adoption. Your son (or you as a legal representative, if the son is a minor, but it seems to me, based on your question, that the son is an adult...) must contact a notary with an application to accept the inheritance.

But only a fully capable citizen has the right to formalize a declaration of will upon a personal visit to a notary or other authorized person. This rule is extremely important for the testator to comply with. Also, the Consumer has the right to refuse to fulfill the contract for the performance of work (rendering a service) if he discovers significant deficiencies in the work performed (service provided) or other significant deviations from the terms of the contract.

In general, the following may become successors under a will:

Individuals and legal entities;
international organizations;
Russian Federation and its constituent entities, municipalities, etc.;
other states.

To receive the inheritance, since there was a change of surname, I went to court to prove the relationship. The court demanded from me a document renouncing the paternity of my biological father - that is, the document on the basis of which the adoption certificate was issued. My mother got married for the second time in 1980 and I was adopted by her second husband.

The parents claim that the deprivation of parental rights in 1980 was not carried out by court, since the refusal was voluntary. It was not possible to get the required document from the registry office - it simply isn’t there. What should I go to court with? My godfather, my uncle, died. He still has a house and a car. The heir is my mother, his sister.

But there is a nuance. He has his own daughter, who after the divorce was adopted by the second husband of my uncle’s wife, and the notary told us that this daughter is the primary heir, although the Family and Civil Codes state that adopted children lose their rights to inherit the property of their biological parents.

There is no court decision on preserving her rights; there is a decision on the adoption of the girl. All their lives they had virtually no contact with their daughter. So my mother and I are thinking, either the notary was incompetent, or we misunderstood something. Please explain the situation, is it possible that my uncle’s daughter will seek an inheritance through the court and will she be able to achieve something?

Heirs by law are called upon to inherit in the order of priority provided for in Articles 1142 - 1145 and 1148 of this Code. Yes, the administration has such a right. The issue of recognition of the right to inheritance in such cases is resolved through a lawsuit.

This circumstance is confirmed by Art. 137 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation. However, there is an exception here. It concerns the preservation of relations between the adopted child and the relatives of the blood father or mother in the event of the death of the latter. The adopted children of the heir have the right to inheritance by law on an equal basis with the blood relatives of the testator.

After the court considers the case of adoption of a child and makes a positive decision, the rights and obligations of the adopted child and the adoptive parent are equal to the relations of blood relatives, this also applies to hereditary relations.

According to paragraph 3 of Art. 1145 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a stepfather and stepmother can receive a share in the property of a deceased stepson or stepdaughter. The only condition for this is the absence of other heirs. The stepmother and stepfather are included in the seventh line of inheritance. If the relationship between the child's parents has been officially terminated (divorce), the stepfather or stepmother is deprived of the right to inheritance.

If during his lifetime the father did not order that any of the acquired goods be passed on to his son or daughter, they become heirs by law. The order of succession is indicated in Articles 1142–1145, 1148 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The first priority applicants include: wife, parents, children. The second line of heirs covers the grandparents, brothers and sisters of the deceased. In the third place, uncles and aunts come into inheritance. In the event that there are no applicants of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd stages, the property can go to the heirs of other stages.

If the heirs are in the same line, the inheritance is divided between them in equal shares. Since children belong to representatives of the 1st stage, they will be among the applicants who have advantages over the rest.

Example. Citizen S. has a wife, a sister, two daughters from his first marriage and an adopted son from his second. After S.’s death, the apartment that was claimed by the above-mentioned persons remained. Since the property was acquired before marriage, it is not marital property and the share received by the wife will be equal to the rest. The wife will receive ¼ share of the property, the daughters and son will also receive ¼, and the sister will receive nothing.

Who has the right to inherit property by law after the death of the father? These individuals include:

Capable children who have reached the age of 18. Persons who got married before the age of 18 are also recognized as having legal capacity (Article 21 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Adopted children. They can inherit the property of the adoptive parent, but have no right to claim the property of the biological father.
Illegitimate children. If the father acknowledged paternity during his lifetime, the child has the same rights of inheritance as children born in a legal marriage. In the case where paternity is not recognized, the child can prove the relationship in court and claim a share of the inheritance on an equal basis with other representatives of the 1st stage.
Unborn children. A child conceived by the owner of material and intangible wealth can claim a share in the number of heirs of the 1st stage. During pregnancy, the issuance of property inheritance certificates is suspended, and after birth, an application for the right to a share of the property is submitted by the guardian or mother of the baby.
Children aged 14-18 have inheritance rights with the consent of the responsible persons.
The rights of children under 14 years of age and incapacitated citizens are represented by their guardians, trustees, and adoptive parents.

Even if the father left a will, minor children (under 18 years of age), as well as children under 23 years of age, receiving full-time education, disabled, dependent on the testator and living with him for at least 1 year, are among the persons entitled to obligatory share in the inheritance.

The following persons will not be able to receive the property:

Those included in the list of unworthy heirs according to Art. 1117 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. These are people who commit illegal actions towards the testator or other relatives in order to increase their own or someone else’s benefit, parents deprived of parental rights.
Not included in the will of the deceased (Article 1119 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). However, this does not apply to persons entitled to an obligatory share in the inheritance. They receive at least ½ share of the property that would have been due to them in an intestate division.
Those who have not completed documents to enter into inheritance rights.
Refused inheritance.

When accepting an inheritance, it is important to understand that refusal of part of the inheritance is impossible, even if it is any debt obligations.

The decision that the heir is unworthy can only be made by the court.

The direct heir may die before the death of the father or at the same time as him. In this case, the right to receive his share of the property is transferred to his descendants. This is called inheritance by right of representation.

Example: If the deceased had a wife and 2 daughters, one of whom died, but had two children (grandchildren for the testator), then 1/3 of the property will go to his wife, 1/3 to his daughter and 1/6 to each of the grandchildren on behalf of the deceased mother.

Article 1142 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation contains a definition that the heirs of the first priority according to the law are the children, spouse and parents of the testator. And grandchildren and descendants are already taking over the property by right of representation.

Attention! This provision applies if the testator did not leave a will.

What to do to establish a relationship with your stepdaughter

First of all, you need to realistically assess your strengths. If you really want to live with this man, you must respect and improve your relationship with the person he loves very much - his daughter. It would be a huge mistake to believe that somehow everything will be resolved by itself, without your participation and effort. Since you are the adult in your relationship with your stepdaughter, you will have to show wisdom, tact and resolve numerous conflicts. Therefore, if you are not ready for this, you should think ten times before moving on.

If your decision is final and now you are concerned about how to raise your spouse’s daughter, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

Do not try to replace the girl’s natural mother. Never speak badly of her, even if you think she deserves it. Don't demand that your stepdaughter call you mom. Do not interfere with her communication with her mother if she has such a desire.
Remember that you don't have to love each other right away. Start by building mutually respectful relationships. Give your child the opportunity to expand his boundaries as he or she is ready. What not to do? Don't try to fake it and show non-existent love. Children sense lies very well and do not forgive them.
Be a daily example for your stepdaughter of how to communicate with your husband, people around you, run a household, take care of your appearance, etc. That is, give her what every mother should give her daughter. Observe the girl’s hobbies and try to support your stepdaughter in them. Find a common activity: cooking, crafts, shopping or skydiving.
Follow the “golden mean” in your relationship with your spouse’s daughter: do not try to buy her favor with permissiveness, but also do not overdo it with educational measures. Adoptive parents are a priori allowed less than their own parents. If a well-deserved slap on the butt from one’s own mother is forgotten without a trace after 10 minutes, then the stepmother will remember it for many years. Therefore, if punishment cannot be avoided, let the father deal with it.
If you have your own children or have a child together, try not to make any difference in your attitude towards them. Also, involve older children as much as possible in raising and caring for younger ones. Shared concerns unite.
Spend as much time as possible as a family. Gradually introduce rules, traditions and family rituals.
Agree with your spouse on a general line of behavior regarding children, otherwise they will begin to manipulate you. Ask him for help in improving your relationship with your daughter.
Calmly discuss all conflict situations with your husband and stepdaughter, without waiting for them to go into the stage of a protracted guerrilla war. If, despite all your efforts, you feel that you are unable to resolve the problems on your own, do not hesitate to seek the help of family psychologists. Remember that poor relationships with a spouse's children are often the reason for the breakdown of a marriage.

At the same time, you need to tune in to a long process and not despair at the first failures, which undoubtedly will happen. Remember that the best mother sometimes feels overwhelmed, tired and doesn’t know how to behave with her child.

According to experts, establishing relationships with the children of a marriage partner takes from 2 to 7 years. Therefore, the main thing is to stock up on patience, faith and a sincere desire to build a real, united and strong family. Then you will succeed.

How should a mother and stepfather behave?

With her help, a mother’s beloved man should become a friend for her child. A good way out would be to study the child’s range of interests, understand what worries him, what he dreams about, what he is afraid of. This will make it easier for him to touch upon topics that are interesting to the child in conversations and to establish contact with him.
Under no circumstances should you immediately inform the little man about your intentions (for example, “My name is Uncle Kolya, I am your stepfather, you are my stepson, whoever perceives this negatively is wrong”). You should start with the baby’s desires and problems. If later, when contact is established, the man claiming to be the stepfather wants to inform the child about his plans, then you can try to do this, but you need to be careful and carefully select your words. It should be emphasized that the stepfather is not going to claim the place of the child’s father and understands perfectly well that he can only have one dad.
It will be great to introduce the child to the hobby of the mother’s new husband. It often happens that stepchildren, over time, remember with the most joyful emotions their stepfathers, with whom they went fishing in childhood and repaired a car in the garage. A mother, no matter how ideal and loving she may be, will not be able to reveal to her son all the secrets of the man's world.
You should not appease the boy by giving him toys. And it’s absolutely impossible to constantly remind him how many cool cars his mother’s friend gives him, despite the fact that he is his stepson. Who asked to do this? Did the child ask for these toys?
An excellent option for building relationships is when a mother, stepfather and child go somewhere together - to the circus, cinema, children's park. It is very important that the child associates the appearance of his stepfather and being with him with positive emotions.
Meetings between the stepfather and the child should be held at clearly established times. This will bring two positive results at once. Firstly, what happens at a clearly established time quickly becomes a ritual and becomes the norm. Secondly, it immediately becomes clear how the child perceives these contacts - whether he is inspired before meeting his stepfather or, on the contrary, becomes despondent and sad.

Why is there more conflict in the relationship with my stepdaughter?

Creating a new family for a child is no less traumatic than divorce or death of parents. In the event of the untimely death of a mother or father, children are more likely to come to terms with the emergence of a new relationship with the other parent. During a divorce, they continue to console themselves with the thought that this is a temporary phenomenon and the parents will reconcile.

Therefore, the new partner is often perceived as the reason for the destruction of the previous family and the impossibility of its reunification. It is not surprising that it is difficult to build normal relationships with such feelings.

According to psychologists' studies, in general, boys adapt better to the arrival of a new family member than girls. Of course, provided that there is no hostility or dislike coming from the stepfather or stepmother. Girls in the role of stepdaughter are more irreconcilable and conflict-ridden.

It is especially difficult for all participants in this situation when a stepmother comes to the house. After all, for every child, and especially girls, a mother is sacred. And the absent mother becomes the subject of complete idealization, even if in fact she was deprived of parental rights.

In addition, traditionally it is the woman who has to build relationships in the family and spend more time with children. Therefore, if the stepfather can withdraw himself in many educational moments, entrusting everything to his wife, then the stepmother often does not have such an opportunity.

Another reason that the relationship between a stepmother and stepdaughter is more difficult is the girl’s high expectations. If for a stepson it is enough to become a friend and a reliable shoulder, then for a spouse’s daughter he will have to be a worthy example in everything.

It's normal to be overly emotional

A child’s overly violent and emotional reaction is completely normal, and you should not be afraid of it. Over time, with the right behavior strategy of the mother and her beloved man, you can establish a good relationship with the child. The quiet one should be worried. It often happens that a child does not make a tragedy out of the fact that he is now a stepson, no matter who it is. He reacts calmly to the appearance of a new person, does not show signs of dissatisfaction, but... he may begin to have nightmares, scream and cry in his sleep. It is better to talk to such children in advance and not confront them with a fact. It should be explained that his mother still loves him, is not looking for a replacement for him, and will not give offense if something bad happens. If you can’t calm your child down on your own, a good solution would be to contact a child psychologist.

Definition of the concept of kinship, types

Degree of relationship - the number of births that separates people (relatives by blood).

The degree of relationship can be determined by constructing a family tree and counting the number of births among the subjects of interest. Genealogy is based on the rule that blood ties are determined through the male line.

There are six degrees of relationship:

first degree of relationship - mother, father and children;
second degree of relationship - grandparents and grandchildren;
third - grandparents, great-grandchildren, uncles, aunts and nephews;
fourth - cousins, grandfathers and nephews;
fifth - cousins and nephews;
sixth - second cousins.

Line of kinship is the fundamental criterion by which kinship is determined.

The following types of kinship are distinguished:

biological (a generation has a common ancestor);
heterogeneous or lateral (due to marriage);
characteristic (non-related relationships when there are adopted children).

Biological relationship is determined by the following options:

direct - established between representatives of different generations of the same family, visible along vertical and horizontal lines (father-son, great-grandmother-great-grandson);
lateral - the number of births separating descendants in the family tree (dad's brother and nephew - joint relative, grandfather and father).

A situation may arise when you need to have information about who is considered a close relative and who is a distant relative.

All other subjects are considered distant relatives: uncles, aunts, their children.

Based on Russian legislation, a married couple cannot act as relatives, since they have no blood connection. Such relationships are called properties or, relatively speaking, relationships under duress or necessity. These include:

mother-in-law and father-in-law;
mother-in-law and father-in-law;
daughter-in-law, son-in-law;
stepfather and stepmother.

Relatives of the same generation:

Relatives - have common parents, are divided:

full siblings (blood brother and sister);
half-parent (have only one common parent);
half-blooded (born from the same father);
monouterine (born from the same mother).

Stepchildren are children who do not have common parents.
Cousins are the children of your parents' siblings.
Second cousins are children's cousins of their parents in relation to each other.
Fourth cousins are the children of second cousins.

What are the main problems a stepmother will have to face?

Having decided to connect your life with a man who has a daughter from his first marriage, be prepared to face the following difficulties.

Accusations of destroying a past family. Children usually blame themselves for their parents' divorce. Teenagers try to protect themselves from problems with the help of open accusations against a new partner, even if he appeared after the fact of the breakup of the family.
Jealousy on the part of the stepdaughter. She perceives you as an enemy trying to take away some of his father's love.
Idealization of the mother. In an attempt to deny reality, children come up with an imaginary ideal image of a mother who “would never do or say that.”
Discipline and education. Often girls refuse to listen to their stepmother and compromise with her. They manipulate the love of the father, who feels guilty and begins to allow his daughter too much.

The situation can escalate many times over with the appearance of a joint child in the family, “native” to both parents. The birth of a baby often causes jealousy in ordinary families, where special tact is required from mom and dad in order to convince the eldest daughter that she is not loved less. In the case of a stepmother, all difficulties multiply.

How to prove the degree of relationship

There are times in life when it is necessary to prove a family connection with a certain person. These include entering into inheritance rights, filling out a form when entering the civil service, filling out a personal card at an enterprise. This can be done in the following ways:

Upon provision of the necessary documents: passports with appropriate marks, marriage certificate, child’s birth certificate.
Proof in court of a blood connection: testimony of witnesses, persons close to the family, relatives, certificates of the family’s condition, certificates from the place of work.
Using DNA testing. The first degree of family relationship can be confirmed with the help of genetic testing, which is carried out in certain institutions, whose workers study the genetic code of a person by examining his biological material.

To draw up a diagram of family relationships, you need to collect as much information as possible about your relatives in order to understand who you are and who you are. Schematic representation of the degree of relationship:

The order of acceptance of inheritance is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Each subsequent group has the right to claim its rights to inheritance when there are no successors of the previous group.

There are several queues for the right of inheritance:

first-degree heirs: children, husband or wife, parents of the testator and adopted children;
heirs of the second stage: brothers and sisters, mothers and fathers of parents;
third: uncles, aunts and cousins;
the fourth includes ancestors;
the fifth includes cousins and grandparents;
sixth: children of cousins;
seventh: adoptive father, mother and children.

In order to receive legally due parts of the property, it is necessary to carry out a procedure for establishing kinship during inheritance.

The testator has the right to write a will in which he indicates how the inheritance will be distributed according to his will, or to draw up a document of donation of any property.

If you have questions related to inheritance, contact a specialized center, where a consultant will recommend you a lawyer specializing in inheritance matters. They will listen to you, fill out the necessary form, check your documents, conduct a general analysis and advise you on a legally sound option for your actions, supported by law.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=Mt7HDJyLYUs

We can summarize: kinship is an important and integral part in the life of every person, which must be fully owned, since it can be useful at any moment.

List of sources

PriNasledstve.ru
inspire2u.ru
diz-cafe.com
pxim.ru
vrkadoverie.ru
nashideti.temaretik.com

Does a stepson have the right to inherit joint property?

Each person earns a certain amount of this or that property during his life, which, at the end of his life, according to existing laws, will pass to his relatives and descendants. The transfer of absolutely the entire inheritance occurs directly to the relatives of the deceased, regardless of whether he has a will or not. The transferred property includes all things, movable and immovable property, plus all kinds of rights and obligations, including the obligation to pay debts that a deceased relative had.

The rights of a child to inheritance are regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Thus, the heirs of the first priority according to the law are the children, spouse and parents of the testator. At the same time, the law classifies as children not only children born in marriage, but also children born out of wedlock. It’s another matter if the testator left a will in which he deprived one of his children of the inheritance, or lived in a marriage with a woman and supported her child, who is not an heir by law.

Stepdaughter's rights to inheritance

Registration of inheritance by law presupposes the absence of a will and occurs in the manner prescribed by law. In this case, inheritance occurs depending on the degree of relationship with the deceased. Registration of inheritance according to the law also presupposes the existence of a sequence of heirs. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes 8 lines of inheritance. Let's define each of them in accordance with current legislation:

The heirs of each subsequent queue inherit if there are no heirs of the previous queue (i.e.

According to the Family Code of the Russian Federation (FC RF), kinship is the connections between individual citizens. They can be either biological (blood) or legal (for example, between husband and wife). In addition, there are two other types of kinship:

Direct kinship is the connection between a descendant and his ancestor. Moreover, they may be separated by several generations, such as a grandson and grandfather. In this case, the line of kinship can be both descending and ascending.

Lateral kinship is a connection between citizens who have ancestors from whom they are separated by one or more generations. Brothers and sisters, if they have a different father or mother, are incomplete. Full brothers (sisters) have two common parents.

Family law, as well as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, do not separate full- and half-blood relatives, giving them the same rights and obligations. At the same time, the degree of kinship matters —the number of generations that separate citizens from their common ancestor. The degree of relationship at which citizens are separated by no more than two generations is considered significant.

You can receive alimony from stepsons and stepdaughters if the stepfather or stepmother was recognized as disabled persons who cannot provide for themselves due to old age or insufficient provision of material resources, or have serious illnesses or disabilities. Moreover, they should not have natural children or able-bodied spouses, from whom alimony obligations are collected in the first place. That is, the defendant should not have the opportunity to collect money from their own children and they have to carry out this procedure in relation to the adopted child.

If the adoptive parents need money, they can try to negotiate peacefully. In situations where a peaceful resolution of the conflict is not possible, you should prepare a statement of claim and then submit it to the court. When solving a problem voluntarily, a written agreement is prepared and notarized. It fixes the amount of payments and other obligations that the stepson or stepdaughter must fulfill.

Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
Certificate of conclusion or dissolution of marriage with the father or mother of a stepson or stepdaughter;
Information about incapacity, disability, financial insolvency (certificates from the employment center, information from medical organizations);
Extract from the house register.

A receipt for payment of the state fee for such categories of non-property claims does not need to be attached to the application, since it is not paid for cases of a non-property nature.

The statement of claim is prepared according to the number of persons who will take part in the civil process. You can file the claim in person by contacting the court office or submitting it through your representative by proxy. The claim is also filed by registered mail with notification.

In accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the application must be considered and accepted for proceedings in the court of first instance within five calendar days. In this case, a date for the first hearing is set or the case is rejected due to improper filing or factual errors. If the statement of claim has been accepted for proceedings, then subpoenas are issued to the plaintiff and defendant to appear in court on a specific date and time. If a decision is made to collect alimony from the defendant, it is transferred to the bailiffs for execution.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation quite clearly formulates all the rules for the division of property between relatives, if a testamentary document has not been drawn up. This can be found out in more detail in articles of the code No. 1141-1145 and 1148 .

The Code determines the order of inheritance and division of property depending on family ties with the testator. It also defines what jointly acquired property is and what property can be divided.

Joint property is discussed in detail in the Family Code, in Article 34 .

This is property that was purchased during marriage from the moment of its registration. And it doesn’t matter who is indicated as the owner and whose material assets were used during the purchase.

Real estate is divided - apartments, dachas, land plots, garages, outbuildings, and so on, movable - cars, motorcycles, as well as securities, shares, precious jewelry, pensions, benefits, income from business.

If one of the spouses received an inheritance or received something as a gift for free, then these things will not be considered jointly acquired property, even if these facts occurred during the years of marriage.

Also, personal items for personal use are not divided between spouses: clothing, shoes, personal hygiene items. But the jewelry, even if it was purchased and was the wife’s jewelry, will be divided among the heirs, with the obligatory marital share being allocated.

While both spouses are alive, they have equal rights to all their property. For example, during marriage, a family purchased housing - an apartment, and registered it in the name of the wife, however, after her death, marital shares are determined.

That is, this living space will be divided as follows: ½ share is part of the spouse’s apartment , since it was purchased during the period of legal marriage, and ½ is the wife’s share , which will already be divided between the relatives of the first line of heirs.

In addition, property acquired before the wedding or received as an inheritance is not divided equally, that is, the obligatory share of the spouse is not allocated from it. This property will be divided in equal parts among all heirs in line.

For example, a spouse left a car and an apartment after his death. He inherited the apartment from his relatives, and purchased the car while married. All this will be divided like this: the apartment will be divided in equal shares among all first-priority relatives, and the car will first be allocated the marital 1/2 share , and the remaining 1/2 will be divided among all the heirs, namely the wife and children.

Another nuance, after the death of one of the spouses, the second. He can register his spousal part in his name immediately after death and not wait six months to open an inheritance. But the second half of the property will be distributed among the heirs only after 6 months from the date of death of the testator.

The code explains this circumstance quite clearly. And to put it in plain language, this right is received by the descendant of the heir if he dies . For example, the heir is the son of the deceased, but he, too, has long since rested in peace, but he still has children, then they can enter into inheritance rights instead of their father.

However, we should not forget that if a given person was found unworthy, then his descendants also do not have any rights to property division.

Article 1149 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation states that there are persons who must receive their share of the inheritance. They cannot be deprived of it, and even if they are not indicated in the will, the state must still allocate them a part of the inheritance.

These are minor children, natural or adopted, recognized as incapacitated, for example, having a disability, as well as spouses of retirement age or also on disability without the ability to work, and, accordingly, dependents in the same situation.

This category of citizens, in any case, whether there is a will or not, will definitely receive their share in the property of the deceased, only this requires certain evidence, for example, officially confirmed papers about the incapacitating degree of disability.

To avoid confusion among those wishing to distribute material wealth that has suddenly fallen on their heads, the law has established a procedure according to which property is transferred to new owners.

In the case of inheritance by will, the document usually stipulates who will receive what and in what order, but this order is rather arbitrary.

The legislator clearly regulated:

who belongs to the circle of inheritors;
what is the order of the queue;
how successors are replaced, and so on.

The topic of inheritance is far from new; it is constantly being adjusted and supplemented by judicial practice.

For more detailed information, we recommend that you refer to the material “The order of heirs.”