Social guarantees for the unemployed
The state guarantees the unemployed:
• unemployment benefit;
• free vocational guidance, vocational training, retraining and advanced training as directed by the employment service;
• providing social support;
• compensation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation for material costs in connection with being sent to work (training) in another area at the suggestion of the employment service authorities;
• free medical care and medical examination upon hiring and placement for training;
• the possibility of concluding fixed-term employment agreements (contracts) for participation in paid public works, organized taking into account the age and other characteristics of citizens;
• the possibility of voluntary insurance in case of job loss.
1. Payments of unemployment benefits . In Russia, the state guarantees the payment of benefits to the unemployed in accordance with Art. 37 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Unemployment benefits are paid to citizens recognized as unemployed in accordance with the established procedure. The duration of benefit payment in each period of unemployment cannot exceed 12 months in total within 18 calendar months, and for persons of pre-retirement age - within 24 calendar months.
Citizens recognized as unemployed in accordance with the established procedure are accrued unemployment benefits from the first day of their recognition as unemployed. If paid suitable work is not provided after 18 calendar months of unemployment, the unemployed person has the right to re-receive unemployment benefits in the amount of the minimum wage, unless otherwise provided by the law in question.
Unemployment benefits are paid at least twice a month, provided that the unemployed person re-registers within the time period established by the employment service.
2. Additional employment guarantees for certain categories of the population . The state provides additional guarantees to citizens in need of social protection and experiencing difficulties in finding work, through the development and implementation of targeted programs, promotion of employment, creation of additional jobs and specialized organizations (including organizations for the work of disabled people).
In accordance with existing legislation, payments are non-repayable cash loans to workers who have lost their jobs and compensate for possible losses in earnings of workers and employees who have not worked for a certain time for valid reasons provided by law. These types of payments guarantee: 1) preservation of average earnings in cases of performing state and public duties during working hours; 2) payment for annual leave, downtime through no fault of the employee, forced absenteeism when dismissal is declared illegal, etc.
These guarantees are given on behalf of the state and must be fulfilled from the moment of job loss and deprivation of a permanent source of income.
State guarantees for its citizens who have lost their jobs are provided in two main forms:
1) providing a stable source of livelihood for a period of time determined by law and socio-economic necessity;
2) guarantee of freedom of choice and method of existence during periods of unemployment, including registered unemployment. The state does not impose on the unemployed the types of his employment or unemployment, controlling his labor behavior, does not liken him to a dependent relying only on state assistance.
2. 1. Additional protective measures for pregnant women . The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 5, 1992 “On additional measures for the social protection of pregnant women and women with children under three years of age dismissed due to the liquidation of enterprises, institutions, organizations” established: 1) the time from the date of their dismissal until the child reaches the age of three years, is included in the continuous work experience for the assignment of state social insurance benefits; 2) monthly compensation payments in the amount established for women who are in employment relationships with enterprises, institutions and organizations of all forms of ownership and who are on parental leave until the child reaches 3 years of age, if they were on at the time of dismissal while on parental leave and do not receive unemployment benefits. These payments shall be made at the expense of the budget of the Russian Federation.
2. 2. Benefits for wives (husbands) of military personnel . Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 27, 1999 “On the amount and procedure for paying monthly benefits to the spouses of military personnel serving under a contract during the period of their residence with their spouses in areas where they are forced not to work and cannot help but work in their specialty due to lack of employment opportunities, as well as for the health of children”, it is established that wives (husbands) of military personnel are paid at the expense of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and other ministries according to their affiliation with a monthly allowance in the amount of the minimum wage, and in areas where the regional coefficient is applied, taking into account these coefficients.
All types of benefits and other payments to the unemployed are subject to indexation in accordance with the Law of the RSFSR of October 24, 1991 No. 1799-1 “On the indexation of cash income and savings of citizens in the RSFSR.”
