Families with children will receive new support measures - social amendments of United Russia have been adopted following the results of the President's Address

Families with children will receive new support measures - social amendments of United Russia have been adopted

The State Duma, in the third and final reading, adopted amendments prepared by United Russia to implement the social provisions of the President’s Address. Among the innovations is the payment of sick leave for child care to parents of children under seven years of age inclusive in the amount of 100% of earnings, said First Deputy Head of the United Russia faction Andrei Isaev. The norm will come into effect from September 1, 2021.

“Today, there is an insurance principle for paying sick leave. If a person’s work experience is less than 6 months, then sick pay is the minimum wage. If from 6 months to 5 years - then 60% of wages. If from 5 to 8 - 80%, and only starting from the age of eight, sick leave fully reimburses wages. Children under seven years of age, as a rule, are with young parents with incomplete work experience. For them, being on sick leave to care for a child is a significant material loss for the family,” Andrey Isaev emphasized.

In addition, now women who register in the early stages of pregnancy and are in a difficult life situation will receive a monthly payment. The benefit will be awarded to those whose income is below the subsistence level for an adult in the region. From July 1, the average national benefit will be 6,350 rubles. This initiative was announced by United Russia at the first Social Online Forum, in which Vladimir Putin took part.

“According to our calculations, taking into account previous practice, approximately 630 thousand women will receive support,” noted Andrey Isaev.

The third amendment concerns the establishment of benefits for children aged 8 to 16 years inclusive, who are raised by a single parent or a parent who has a court decision to pay child support. At the same time, the average per capita income of such a family does not exceed the subsistence level in the region.

“The corresponding benefit, according to our forecasts, will cover approximately 360 thousand children. On average in Russia it will be 5,360 rubles. It will also begin to be paid from July 1,” said Andrey Isaev.

The parent community expects new support measures to come into force soon, says Tatyana Butskaya, chairman of the Council of Mothers of Russia movement, ONF expert.

“One of the main innovations is support for pregnant women who register early. They are in what is called a “demographic hot spot.” And they actually received no support at all - only small payments. At the same time, mothers are afraid that there will be nothing to feed and provide for the child. What’s important to them is not the promise of how good everything will be later, but the support here and now,” said Tatyana Butskaya.

“The social amendments that United Russia introduced to the State Duma following the President’s Address are important and timely. All of them are aimed at supporting and protecting families with children, single mothers, and people who find themselves in difficult life situations. We all know how hard it is to raise children, so the payments that pregnant women, young mothers will receive for sick leave, as well as parents of schoolchildren from 8 to 17 years old will allow people to feel more secure,” Deputy of the Lipetsk Regional Council, Chairman of the Committee on Social Issues Oksana Glotova. — In addition, our region has adopted its own Social Code, which also provides for certain support measures for families with children. Together, all these types of assistance really allow people to feel the care of the state and increase the level of demographics.”

No less important, she said, is support for single parents of children under 16 years of age.

“Most often these are women who have to work to provide for their children - and the collection of alimony, which could alleviate the situation of such a family, is now problematic,” explained Tatyana Butskaya.

Let us recall that during the annual Address the President supported a number of social initiatives that United Russia had previously sent to him. These include payment of sick leave in full to parents of preschool children, payments to pregnant women who find themselves in difficult life situations. In addition, the head of state instructed to establish benefits for single-parent families with children from 8 to 16 years old inclusive. Immediately after the Address, United Russia submitted the necessary legislative changes to the State Duma for consideration.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE FAMILY article on the topic

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE FAMILY

What is support? Support is one of the most important factors that can improve the relationship between a child and parents. If there is insufficient or absent adequate support, the child experiences disappointment and is prone to various misconduct.

Dasha, 10 years old, had two responsibilities around the house: making her bed and helping her mother prepare dinner. Mother often told Dasha: “You can barely cope with your responsibilities, and I have to finish everything for you.”

What does Dasha’s mother’s statement contain? Will it bring the desired results?

At the same time, Dasha thinks: “I’m not independent, I’m not good at everything, so my mother will do everything herself.”

There are three reasons why parents usually make statements like the one above:

1. Parents, as a rule, talk to their child in the same way as they talked to themselves in childhood.

2. The child poses a threat to the prestige or position of the parents.

3. Society accustoms us to encounter failures, to expect the worst, and in general often discourages not only children, but also ourselves.

Parents should strive to ensure that their child does not develop a tendency to constantly expect failure and disappointment. It is important to support and encourage the child. Parental support is a process:

- during which the parent focuses on the child’s strengths in order to strengthen his self-esteem;

- which helps the child to believe in himself and his abilities;

- which helps the child avoid mistakes;

- who supports the child in case of failures. In order to learn how to support a child, parents may have to change their usual style of communication and interaction with him. Instead of focusing on the child's mistakes and bad behavior, the parent will have to focus on the positive side of his actions and encouraging what he does.

Supporting a child means believing in him. Verbally and non-verbally, the parent tells the child that he believes in his strengths and abilities. Support is not just about a child's negative behavior.

Let us emphasize once again: a parent seeking to support his child considers not only the events (action) as a whole, but also tries to highlight individual aspects that are positive for the child. Support is based on a belief in the individual's innate ability to overcome life's challenges with the support of those whom they consider important to them.

In order to support a child, the parent himself must have confidence; he will not be able to support his son or daughter until he learns to accept himself and achieves self-esteem and confidence.

A parent needs to understand the role of support in the upbringing process and know that, while providing it, he, without knowing it, can disappoint the child by telling him, for example, the following: “You could not get dirty!”, “You could be be careful!”, “Look how well your brother did it!”, “You should have watched when I did it!”. As a rule, negative comments from parents have no effect. Constant reproaches like “You could have done this better” lead the child to the conclusion: “What’s the point of trying? I still can't do anything. I will never be able to satisfy them. I give up".

Parents must learn to help their child see and deal with the natural imperfections of a person. To do this, the parent must know what forces within the family and in its environment can lead to disappointment. According to American psychologists Dreikurs and Dinkmeyer, these forces are:

1. Excessive demands from parents.

2. Sibling rivalry.

3. Excessive ambitions of the child.

Excessive parental demands on a child will make success impossible and disappointment quite likely. For example, if parents previously expected their child to receive all the rewards in kindergarten, now they expect the same from him at school; They want to see a child who can tumble well in the future become a good gymnast.

When it comes to siblings, parents may unintentionally pit children against each other, comparing the brilliant successes of one with the lackluster achievements of the other. Such competition can lead to severe disappointment and destroy previously good relationships.

The child's behavior is influenced by excessive ambitions. Excessive ambition is clearly manifested, for example, in cases where a child, playing a game poorly, refuses to take part in it. Often a child who cannot stand out through something positive begins to behave defiantly negatively or turns into a “stone around the neck” of the entire group.

How to support a child? Typical ways for parents to support a child are overprotection, making the child dependent on an adult, imposing unrealistic standards, and stimulating competition with siblings and peers. These methods only lead to worries for the child and interfere with the normal development of his personality.

Let us repeat once again: genuine support by parents for their child should be based on emphasizing his abilities, capabilities - his positive sides. It happens that the parent does not like the child’s behavior. Meanwhile, it is at such moments that the parent must make it very clear to the child that “although I do not approve of your behavior, I still respect you as a person.” For example, if a child fails to behave the way his parents would like, it is the parents who must help the child understand why this is happening. It is important that the child understands that his failure may stem from a lack of willingness or ability to behave appropriately. It is necessary to show the child that his failure in no way diminishes his personal merits. It is important that the parent learns to accept the child for who he is, including all his achievements and failures, and when communicating with him, take into account the meaning of such things as tone, gestures, expressions, etc.

It must be remembered that when discussing his behavior with a child, the parent should try to emphasize that he is completely satisfied with the child as a person. This can be done by saying: “You made a few mistakes, but look how you…” With this contrast, the parent lets the child know that mistakes can be made, but he is more interested in the child’s successes rather than his failures.

The parent should use those words that work on the development of the “I-concept” and the child’s sense of adequacy. During the day, a parent has several opportunities to create a child's sense of usefulness and adequacy. One way is to show your child your satisfaction with his achievements or efforts. Another way is to teach the child to cope with various tasks. This can be achieved by creating in the child the attitude: “You can do this.”

Even if the child is not coping with something completely successfully, the parent must let him know that his feelings towards the child have not changed. The following statements may be helpful:

- I would be very pleased to watch what is happening!

“Even if something didn’t happen the way you wanted, it was a good lesson for you.”

“We are all human, and we all make mistakes.” After all, by correcting your mistakes, you also learn.

In this way, the parent will soon learn how to help the child achieve self-confidence. As one parent put it, this is like inoculating a child against failure and unhappiness.

A central role in the development of a child’s self-confidence is played, as already noted, by the parent’s faith in the child. The parent must show the child that he is an important member of the family and means more to her than all the problems associated with him.

Parents often focus on past failures and use them against the child. Examples of such evaluation are statements such as: “When you had a dog, you forgot to feed it, when you studied music, you quit after 4 weeks, so I don’t think it makes sense for you to take up dance now.” This emphasis on the past can create a feeling of persecution in the child. The child may decide: “There is no way to change my reputation, so let me be considered bad.”

To show faith in a child, a parent must have the courage and desire to do the following:

- forget about past failures;

- help the child gain confidence that he can cope with this task;

- allow the child to start from scratch, based on the fact that the parent believes in him, in his ability to achieve success;

- remember past successes and return to them, not to mistakes.

It is very important to take care to create a situation for your child with guaranteed success. This may require the parent to make some changes in the requirements for the child, but it will be worth it. For example, at a family council, a parent may propose to specifically create a situation that will help the child develop a sense of adequacy and self-worth. In this situation, the parent can help the child choose tasks that he, from the parent's point of view, can handle, and then give him the opportunity to demonstrate his success to the whole family. Success breeds success and increases self-confidence in both the child and the parent. So, in order to support your child, you need to:

1. Rely on the child's strengths.

2. Avoid emphasizing the child’s mistakes.

3. Show that you are satisfied with the child.

4. Be able and want to demonstrate love for the child.

5. Be able to help your child break large tasks into smaller ones, ones that he can handle.

6. Spend more time with your child.

7. Introduce humor into your relationship with your child.

8. Know about all the child’s attempts to cope with the task.

9. Be able to interact with a child.

10. Allow the child to solve problems himself where possible.

11. Avoid disciplinary rewards and punishments.

12. Accept the child’s individuality.

13. Show empathy and faith in your child.

14. Show optimism. There are words that support a child and words that destroy his self-confidence. For example, words of support:

“Knowing you, I’m sure you’ll do everything well.”

-You do it very well.

- You have some thoughts on this matter. Are you ready to start?

“This is a big challenge, but I'm sure you're ready for it.”

Words of disappointment:

“Knowing you and your abilities, I think you could do it much better;

- You could do it much better;

— This idea can never be realized;

“It’s too difficult for you, so I’ll do it myself.”

Parents often confuse support with praise and rewards. Praise may or may not be support. For example, too generous praise may seem insincere to the child. In another case, she may support a child who fears that he does not meet parental expectations.

Support is based on helping the child feel needed. The difference between support and reward is determined by timing and effect. A reward is usually given to a child for doing something very well, or for some achievement he has achieved during a certain period of time. Support, as opposed to praise, can be given for any attempt or small progress.

When I express pleasure in what my child is doing, it supports him and encourages him to continue the task or try again. He enjoys himself.

You can support through:

- individual words (“beautiful”, “neat”, “wonderful”, “great”, “forward”, “continue”);

- statements (“I’m proud of you”, “I like the way you work”, “This is really progress”, “I’m glad for your help”, “Thank you”, “Everything is going great”, “Okay, thank you”, “I I’m glad that you participated in this”, “I’m glad that you tried to do this, although it didn’t turn out at all as you expected”);

- touch (pat on the shoulder; touch the hand; gently lift the child’s chin; bring your face closer to his face; hug him);

- joint actions, physical participation (sit, stand next to the child; gently lead him; play with him; listen to him; eat with him);

- facial expressions (smile, wink, nod, laugh).

Mental health of children and adolescents in the context of psychological services / Ed. I.V. Dubrovina. — 4th ed. - Ekaterinburg: Business book, 2000. - 176 p. — (Manual of a practical psychologist)