Trud-Center

Battery temperature

Even in winter it can be cold in the apartment. Perhaps due to such reasons, ranging from airiness of the system, in this case it is recommended to work with professionals or yourself, ending with the unsuitability of radiators. Here, you need to call a specialist.

When answering the questions - what temperature should the batteries be in an apartment during the heating season according to the law and what temperature should the batteries be in winter - there is no correct answer.

There are different situations, and the only way out is to measure the t of the air in the room itself, but when there is a gunner heating system, then max t is +95. For an optimal feeling in the radiator room, the temperature should be in the range of +80-90°C.

Measuring battery temperature

If the apartment is cold, you can measure the temperature in the heating radiators.

You can do this in one of the following ways:

using a thermometer - add 1-2 ℃ to the value obtained on the surface of the battery and obtain the temperature of the coolant;
infrared thermometer;
alcohol thermometer - the device is tied to the battery and wrapped in heat-insulating material to obtain more accurate data.

Accurate temperature readings can only be obtained if you use a device with a quality certificate with a range from 5 ℃ to 40 ℃ and an acceptable error of 0.1 ℃.

After comparing the obtained values with what the battery temperature should be and identifying discrepancies, you can contact the service organization. It will perform a control measurement of fluid temperatures in the heating circuit in a specific apartment.

As an option, you can measure the temperature of hot tap water - if it is supplied to the apartment. If a value in the range of 60-75 ℃ is obtained, then the norm is met, and all other values are already considered a deviation from it.

Heating standards in 2021 – 2021

SNiPami - responsible for the standard temperature of batteries during the heating season. In case of violation, an administrative, possibly criminal, case follows.

Below is a list of the normal temperature of batteries in an apartment during the heating season 2021 - 2021:

Living space +18C;
Corner apartment +20C;
Kitchen minimum +18C;
Bathroom +25C;
In the presence of cage and vestibule stairs, minimum +16C;
In the elevator +5C;
If there is an attic or basement, then +4C.

The impact of temperature on the characteristics of the coolant

In addition to the factors listed above, the temperature of the water in the heating pipes affects its characteristics. The method of functioning of gravity heating systems is based on this. As the water heating value increases, it expands and circulation appears.

Coolants for heating systems

But when using antifreeze, exceeding normal temperatures in radiators can lead to different results. Therefore, for heating with a coolant other than water, it is necessary to first determine the permissible heating values. This does not apply to the temperature of the central heating radiators in the apartment, since such devices do not use antifreeze-based liquids.

Antifreeze is used if there is a risk of exposure to low temperatures on radiators. Unlike water, it does not change from liquid to crystalline at 0 degrees. But if the heat supply operation exceeds the norms of the temperature table for heating to a greater extent, the following phenomena may be observed:

foaming This contributes to an increase in coolant volume and pressure level. There will be no reverse process when the antifreeze cools;
the appearance of limescale. Antifreeze contains mineral components. If the heating temperature in the apartment is violated, they precipitate. Over time, this leads to clogged pipes and radiators;
increase in density. Malfunctions of the circulation pump may occur if its rated power was not designed to handle such situations.

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Therefore, it is much easier to monitor the water temperature in the heating system of a private home than to control the heating level of antifreeze. Moreover, substances based on ethylene glycol emit gases that are harmful to humans when evaporated.

Today they are almost never used as a coolant in autonomous heating systems. Before using antifreeze in heating, it is necessary to replace all rubber seals with paranitic ones. This is due to the high level of permeability of this type of coolant.

Options for normalizing heating temperature

Minimum water temperatures in the heating system are not considered the main threat to its operation. This affects the microclimate in living rooms, but does not affect the operation of the heating supply. If the water heating norm is exceeded, emergency situations may occur.

Safety group for autonomous heating

When creating a heating scheme, you need to provide a list of measures aimed at preventing a critical increase in water temperature. First of all, this will lead to increased pressure and stress on the inside of pipes and radiators. If this happened once and lasted a short time, then the heating parts will not be damaged.

But such cases appear under the constant influence of specific factors. Most often this is the incorrect operation of a solid fuel boiler. To avoid breakdowns, it is necessary to upgrade the heating in the following way:

installation of a security group. It consists of an air vent, a bleed valve and a pressure gauge. If the water temperature reaches a critical level, these parts will eliminate excess coolant, thereby ensuring normal circulation of the liquid for its natural cooling;
mixing unit. It connects the return and supply pipes. Additionally, a two-way valve with a servo drive is mounted. The latter is connected to the temperature sensor. If the heating level exceeds the norm, the valve will open and a mixing of hot and cooled water flows will occur;
electronic heating control unit. It distributes the water temperature in different parts of the system. If the thermal regime is violated, it sends a corresponding signal to the boiler processor to reduce power.

These measures will prevent improper heating operation at the initial stage of the problem. It is most difficult to control the water temperature in systems with a solid fuel boiler. Therefore, for them, special attention must be paid to the selection of indicators of the safety group and the mixing unit.

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Measurements

First, it is worth understanding that in buildings with many apartments, air heat measurements begin to be taken in certain places. Starting from the plank, the thermometer should be at a minimum height of 1.5 m and from the outer walls the length of which is 1.0 m.

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It is worth considering that when t is underestimated from the norm, then, if confirmed, the owners are given a discount of 0.15%. Final measurements are taken at the end of every 60 minutes.

If confirmed, a measurement report is drawn up, one remains with the tenant. It is worth remembering that utility workers will fix the entire problem within a week, so there is no reason to worry if the temperature has not risen after two days.

Air exchange

For more comfortable and high-quality living in an apartment building, utility workers came up with one more thing - an air exchange barograph. There are several indicators to ensure that the air in the house is constantly changing.

In residential premises with an area of 18-20 m2, the air exchange is 3 m3/h per square meter.
In the kitchen there is 60 m3/h, provided there is a hob with two burners, if there are three burners then 75 m3/h, four then 90 m3/h.
In a bathroom with an area of 25 m2, the multiplicity becomes 25 m3/h.
Just like in the bathroom, a bathroom with an area of 25 m2 is then 50 m3/h, in a toilet, if the area is 16 m2, the multiplicity is 25 m3/h.

It is impossible for the temperature in the apartment to be taken into account, but the air exchange is not. They are interconnected and must be taken into account as a whole; only with such consideration can we talk about a comfortable life.

Heating standards in apartments and houses

In fact, the level of water heating in heating pipes and radiators is considered a subjective indicator. It is much more important to know the heat transfer of the system. It depends on what minimum and maximum water temperatures in the heating system can be reached at the time of use.

Battery temperature measurement

For autonomous heat supply, central heating standards are used. They are specified in the resolution of the Russian Federation No. 354. But the minimum water temperature in the heating system is not indicated there. The main thing is to observe the level of air heating in the room. Therefore, the temperature indicator of one system may differ from another. It all depends on the influencing factors mentioned above.

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To determine the normal temperature in heating pipes, you must familiarize yourself with the current standards. Their contents indicate the division into residential and non-residential rooms, as well as the dependence of the level of air heating on the time of day:

in the central rooms during the day, the normal temperature in the apartment should be +18 degrees and +20 degrees in the corner rooms;
in living rooms at night, a slight drop in temperature is allowed, but the temperature of the heating radiators should be +15-+17 degrees.

The management company controls these standards. If they are violated, you can ask for a recalculation of heating payments. For autonomous heat supply, a temperature table is created, where the heat carrier heating indicators and the level of load on the system are entered. However, no one is responsible for failure to comply with this schedule. This affects the comfort of being in a private home.

For central heating, it is considered important to maintain the required level of air heating in stairwells and non-residential premises. The temperature of the water in the batteries should be such that the air is heated to a minimum of +12 degrees.

Calculation of heating operating temperature conditions

At the time of calculating the heat supply, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of all parts. In particular, this applies to radiators. What is the appropriate temperature for heating radiators: +70 or +95 degrees? It all depends on the warm calculation, which is created at the time of design.

An example of creating a heating temperature schedule

First you need to identify heat losses in the building. Based on the information received, a boiler with the appropriate power is selected. Then the parameters of the heat supply batteries are determined. They must have a specific level of heat transfer, which will affect the water temperature graph in the heating system. Manufacturers note this parameter, but only for a specific operating mode of the system.

If to maintain a comfortable level of heating of the air in the room you have to spend 2 kW of thermal energy, then the radiators must have a no less heat transfer rate. To identify this you need to know the following indicators:

you need to know the maximum water temperature in the heating system - t1. It depends on the power of the boiler;
the normal temperature that should be in the heating return pipes is t. This is revealed by the type of distribution of highways and the total length of the system;
desired level of air heating in the room – t.

If you have this data, you can easily calculate the temperature difference of the battery using the following formula:

Tnap=(t1-t2)x((t1-t2)/2-t3

Then, to determine the power of the radiator, you need to use the following formula:

Q=khxFxTnap

Where k is an indicator of the heat transfer of the heating device. This indicator must be noted in the passport. F is the area of the radiator, Tnap is the thermal pressure.

By changing different values of the maximum and minimum water temperatures in the heating system, you can determine the optimal operating mode of the device. The main thing is to correctly initially calculate the required power of the heating device.

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Most often, the low temperature value in heating radiators is associated with heating design errors. Experts advise radiators to add a small margin to the obtained power value - 5%. This will be required if the outside temperature drops critically in winter.

Water temperature in the boiler and heating pipes

After the calculations have been made, you need to set up a table of temperature values for the boiler and pipes. At the time of operation of the heat supply, there should be no emergencies, the common cause of which is considered to be a violation of the temperature regime.

Heating boilers

The normal water temperature in central heating radiators can be up to +90 degrees. This must be strictly monitored during the preparation of the coolant, its transportation and distribution to residential apartments. The situation with autonomous heat supply is much more complicated. In this case, control completely depends on the owner of the house.

The main thing is to ensure that the temperature of the water in the heating pipes does not increase. This may affect the safety of the system. If suddenly the water temperature in the heating system of a private house is higher than normal, the following situations may arise:

Warm water supply

The coolant is the water that we are so accustomed to turning on every day in our bathroom.

As one way to check what temperature the water is, you can simply insert a thermometer under the stream. If within fifty to seventy degrees Celsius, this is the norm; deviations can also be a maximum of four degrees.

It is worth remembering that each device has its own deviation scale, so when the result is obtained, you need to add one or two degrees.

Complaints

When the owner has personally measured the temperature, if the apartment is cold, the owner has every right to call the emergency service. It doesn't matter whether it's over the phone or in writing. After registration, specialists arrive at the resident’s address and accurately measure the temperature of the living space.

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As a rule, the departure of housing and communal services occurs very quickly. In a maximum of half an hour, they will already be at your door.
If the housing and communal services campaign did not fulfill its requirements, and the temperature did not rise, or even worse, it has every right to contact other campaigns.
To re-complain, you can send a letter to: “Regional Housing Inspectorate”; "Prosecutor's Office"; "Rospotrebnadzor".
It is worth mentioning that you can immediately send complaints to housing and communal services and higher authorities.