People who have reached the age of majority in Russia do not have problems getting married. All they need to do is submit an application and then come to the painting on the appointed day. It’s another matter when people who are not yet 18 years old want or are forced to get married for some reason. But even in this case, if certain conditions are met, they can receive the appropriate stamp in their passport.
Marriage age in Russia according to the Family Code
According to the RF IC, two people can get married when they turn 18 years old. When they reach this age, all restrictions on marriage are lifted.
But they can get married at the age of 16, or even earlier. They must have good reasons for this. They, in turn, should be named and confirmed by the local government located at the place of registration.
The important thing is that specific valid reasons are established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Therefore, to find out under what conditions it is possible to get married, a person must refer to the legislation of his region.
In which regions of the Russian Federation can you get married at 14 years old?
Taking into account personal circumstances and special centuries-old traditions, Russian regions, through their legislative documents, allowed their residents to enter into official relations until they reach the age of eighteen.
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Boys and girls from:
- Adyghe and Chechen Republics;
- Moscow and Tyumen, Tula and Kaluga, Tambov and Vologda, Oryol and Nizhny Novgorod regions;
- Khanty-Mansiysk or Jewish Autonomy.
Their peers in a year - at fifteen, can submit a personal application for marriage registration in other regions:
- Chelyabinsk or Murmansk regions:
- Kabardino-Balkaria.
Peoples from the Caucasus and the Far North, being part of a large country, are in a special position due to the original marriage traditions observed in the regions for centuries.
Future relatives look after the young bride as a child, watching her grow up. Therefore, becoming a wife at the age of fourteen in Chechnya or Adygea is not at all uncommon.
Is it possible to register a marriage at 16 years old?
As mentioned above, the corresponding action can be taken. It should be noted that in Russia, persons who have reached the age of 16 enter the age of sexual consent. It is interesting that in the Russian Federation people can legally secure the creation of a family, including at a younger age.
The conditions in such cases are also established by the subjects and are not regulated by federal legislation. Why does this vary by region? The fact is that Russia is a multinational country where different peoples live, differing from each other in culture.
In some states, it has historically been considered acceptable and normal for people to enter into marriage unions who are, for example, only 14 years old.
In order not to violate the traditions of the peoples living in the territories that are part of the Russian Federation, it was decided not to include in the Family Code valid reasons that allow minors to create a family.
Marriage of minors
The age minimum (16 years) for declaring a minor emancipated cannot be absolutely indisputable, since the consent of legal representatives cannot exclude the presence of personal selfish interests (getting rid of obligations to support the minor, including the payment of alimony). But according to formal criteria, he can be recognized as fully capable, although due to his personal characteristics (psychology, level of intelligence, amount of knowledge, etc.) the minor is not ready to engage in entrepreneurship and realize the need to be responsible for his actions. In this regard, it seems completely fair to conclude that “the institution of emancipation is only an exception to the general rule and should not be considered as a general guide to action.
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What do you need to get married before the age of 18 in the Russian Federation?
The Family Code does not define specific valid reasons under which minors can register a marriage. They are formed in each region separately.
In most regions, valid reasons for marrying under 18 are the same:
- pregnancy;
- birth of a child;
- the presence of an established relationship between a man and a woman, etc.
The first two reasons are not particularly difficult to confirm. In the first case, you need to provide a certificate from a gynecologist, and in the second, a child’s birth certificate. In the third, as a rule, you need to undergo an interview.
For all others, check with the registry office. Based on the reasons presented, the local government will give its consent to the applicants to officially register the family, or refuse. Persons over 16 years of age must not ask their parents or guardians for permission to marry. For younger teenagers it is mandatory.
As for acceptable reasons for underage marriage, the list is usually smaller. Just as in the case of 16- and 17-year-olds, such is the bearing or birth of a child. To these are added existing threats to the life of one of the parties. But again, the specific list is determined by the legislation of the region.
Unlike persons over 16 years of age, the issue of marriage of minors, as a rule, is not considered by local government. For example, in the Moscow region this is done by the government of the Moscow Region.
If there is a conflict between those wishing to get married and the parents of one or both parties, the guardianship authority enters into this dispute. In particular, an application and accompanying documents must be submitted to it.
If minors wishing to get married are confident that government authorities will allow them to do so, they must submit a proper application to the registry office. After this, they will need to pay a fee, the amount of which is 350 rubles.
The full list of documents required to obtain registration is as follows:
- the statement already mentioned above;
- receipt of payment of state duty;
- papers confirming the presence of valid reasons (for example, a certificate from a gynecologist);
- photocopies of passports;
- written consent from parents (required for minors, but preferably also for those over 16 years of age);
- certificates from work or study.
After submitting the necessary documents to government authorities, a decision will be made within a month. The specific period depends on the speed of the registry office. Thus, in the Moscow region, the average paper processing time is 3 weeks.
The issued decision is one-time only. That is, if the married couple decide to dissolve the union and then get married again before turning 18, they will again have to go through the procedure in question.
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Conditions and procedure for marriage before reaching 18 years of age
In addition to the desire of young lovers to live together officially until the age of eighteen, in order to register their relationship, certain conditions established by regional authorities must be met.
The conditions for registering a marriage at 14 years of age include:
- presence of special reasons;
- obtaining permission to register from the local administration where the future spouses live;
- consent from both partners to the marriage.
Once permission to register is obtained and with mutual consent, everything is clear. What is meant by valid reasons may vary for each couple.
The generally accepted factors giving the right to register a relationship are:
- pregnancy;
- birth of a child;
- threat to the life of one of the partners;
- the need to legalize living in a civil marriage;
- conscription of the future husband into the army;
- other possible reasons that the administration authorities recognize as valid.
In each case, the decision will be made individually.
To obtain permission, minors submit documents according to the list to the local administration. It includes:
- personal statement from both partners wishing to register the marriage;
- a document confirming special reasons (medical certificate of pregnancy, birth certificate of the baby, certificate of conscription from the military registration and enlistment office and others);
- birth certificates and their copies;
- passports and their copies.
Additionally, they may ask for: the consent of the parents of minors for their marriage and certificates indicating the income of the future spouses from the place of study or work. Permission is usually given by the head of administration in a resolution. The marriage is then registered as normal for any adult.
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Legislators provide for the opportunity to apply for a reduction in the age of marriage not only by young people, but also by their parents or guardians, and other possible persons or organizations involved in raising these people.
The family registration limit is eighteen years. Having reached this age, young people are considered fully formed citizens in a physiological and psychological sense.
There are exceptions to the general rule:
- if the person entering into marriage is not a citizen of the Russian Federation, then the rules do not apply to him;
- The age for marriage may be reduced to sixteen years, and for special valid reasons - to fifteen or fourteen years.
There is no upper limit for family registration. Citizens of the Russian Federation have complete freedom to create a union.
What rights and responsibilities are assigned to minor spouses?
Persons under 18 years of age, after marriage, become equal before the law to those who did so at a later age.
The list of all responsibilities can be found in articles 61 to 79 IC . They detail what spouses can and should do.
But at the same time, minors who get married acquire rights and responsibilities not only in their family life, but also in all other areas of it.
For example, after this they begin to bear responsibility for administratively and criminally punishable acts (for example, causing harm). In fact, after marriage, teenagers become adults.
Spouses cannot remove their adult status, including if they divorce before they turn 18. The exception is deregistration, but this process is quite complex and time-consuming.
